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When dysphagia goes undiagnosed or untreated, patients are at a high risk of pulmonary aspiration and subsequent aspiration pneumonia secondary to food or liquids going the wrong way into the lungs. Some people present with "silent aspiration" and do not cough or show outward signs of aspiration.
Pulmonary aspiration is the entry of solid or liquid material such as pharyngeal secretions, food, drink, or stomach contents from the oropharynx or gastrointestinal tract, into the trachea and lungs. [1] When pulmonary aspiration occurs during eating and drinking, the aspirated material is often colloquially referred to as "going down the ...
Laryngopharyngeal reflux (LPR) or laryngopharyngeal reflux disease (LPRD) is the retrograde flow of gastric contents into the larynx, oropharynx and/or the nasopharynx. [4] [5] LPR causes respiratory symptoms such as cough and wheezing [6] and is often associated with head and neck complaints such as dysphonia, globus pharyngis, and dysphagia. [7]
Aspiration, the inhalation of fluid while drinking, a common symptom of dysphagia. Aspiration, the practice of pulling back on the plunger of a syringe prior to injecting medication. Aspiration pneumonia, a lung infection caused by pulmonary aspiration; Aspiration thrombectomy, embolectomy where a thrombus is removed by suction; Bone marrow ...
One reason aspiration can occur is because of failure of the epiglottis to close completely. [ 2 ] [ 3 ] If food or liquid enters the airway due to the epiglottis failing to close properly, throat-clearing or a cough reflex may occur to protect the respiratory system and expel material from the airway.
Laryngospasm is a primitive protective airway reflex that functions to protect against aspiration.However, it may be detrimental if there is sustained closure of the glottis resulting in blockage of respiration that hinders the free flow of air.
Pneumonia is an inflammatory condition of the lung primarily affecting the small air sacs known as alveoli. [3] [14] Symptoms typically include some combination of productive or dry cough, chest pain, fever, and difficulty breathing. [15]
Silent hypoxia (also known as happy hypoxia) [1] [2] is generalised hypoxia that does not coincide with shortness of breath. [ 3 ] [ 4 ] [ 5 ] This presentation is known to be a complication of COVID-19 , [ 6 ] [ 7 ] and is also known in walking pneumonia , [ 8 ] altitude sickness , [ 9 ] [ 10 ] [ 11 ] and rebreather diving .