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Lamotrigine, sold under the brand name Lamictal among others, is a medication used to treat epilepsy and stabilize mood in bipolar disorder. [5] [8] For epilepsy, this includes focal seizures, tonic-clonic seizures, and seizures in Lennox-Gastaut syndrome. [8]
The first anticonvulsant was bromide, suggested in 1857 by the British gynecologist Charles Locock who used it to treat women with "hysterical epilepsy" (probably catamenial epilepsy). Bromides are effective against epilepsy, and also cause impotence, which is not related to its anti-epileptic effects. Bromide also suffered from the way it ...
Levetiracetam, sold under the brand name Keppra among others, is a novel antiepileptic drug [7] used to treat epilepsy. [8] It is used for partial-onset, myoclonic, or tonic–clonic seizures, [7] and is taken either by mouth as an immediate or extended release formulation or by injection into a vein. [8]
Topiramate, sold under the brand name Topamax among others, is a medication used to treat epilepsy and prevent migraines. [9] It has also been used in alcohol dependence and essential tremor. [9] For epilepsy this includes treatment for generalized or focal seizures. [10] It is taken orally (by mouth). [9]
Pregabalin, sold under the brand name Lyrica among others, is an anticonvulsant, analgesic, and anxiolytic amino acid medication used to treat epilepsy, neuropathic pain, fibromyalgia, restless legs syndrome, opioid withdrawal, and generalized anxiety disorder (GAD). [13] [17] [18] Pregabalin also has antiallodynic properties.
Eslicarbazepine acetate (ESL), sold under the brand names Aptiom and Zebinix among others, is an anticonvulsant medication approved for use in Europe and the United States as monotherapy or as additional therapy for partial-onset seizures epilepsy. [6] [4] [3] Similarly to oxcarbazepine, ESL behaves as a prodrug to (S)-(+)-licarbazepine. [7]
A recent study suggests that a drug approved for the treatment of seizures may also help treat Alzheimer's in people who do not carrry the genetic mutation that predisposes them to dementia.
The risk of sudden death in young adults with epilepsy is increased 20-40-fold compared to the general population. [32] [33] [20] SUDEP is the number one cause of epilepsy-related death in people with pharmacoresistant epilepsy. [20] Children with epilepsy have a cumulative risk of dying suddenly of 7% within 40 years. [20]