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A large language model (LLM) is a type of machine learning model designed for natural language processing tasks such as language generation.LLMs are language models with many parameters, and are trained with self-supervised learning on a vast amount of text.
This page is a timeline of machine learning. Major discoveries, achievements, milestones and other major events in machine learning are included. Overview.
For many years, sequence modelling and generation was done by using plain recurrent neural networks (RNNs). A well-cited early example was the Elman network (1990). In theory, the information from one token can propagate arbitrarily far down the sequence, but in practice the vanishing-gradient problem leaves the model's state at the end of a long sentence without precise, extractable ...
That development led to the emergence of large language models such as BERT (2018) [28] which was a pre-trained transformer (PT) but not designed to be generative (BERT was an "encoder-only" model). Also in 2018, OpenAI published Improving Language Understanding by Generative Pre-Training , which introduced GPT-1 , the first in its GPT series.
It is notable for its dramatic improvement over previous state-of-the-art models, and as an early example of a large language model. As of 2020, BERT is a ubiquitous baseline in natural language processing (NLP) experiments. [3] BERT is trained by masked token prediction and next sentence prediction.
In April 2023, Huawei released a paper detailing the development of PanGu-Σ, a colossal language model featuring 1.085 trillion parameters. Developed within Huawei's MindSpore 5 framework, PanGu-Σ underwent training for over 100 days on a cluster system equipped with 512 Ascend 910 AI accelerator chips, processing 329 billion tokens in more than 40 natural and programming languages.
A language model is a probabilistic model of a natural language. [1] In 1980, the first significant statistical language model was proposed, and during the decade IBM performed ‘Shannon-style’ experiments, in which potential sources for language modeling improvement were identified by observing and analyzing the performance of human subjects in predicting or correcting text.
Llama (Large Language Model Meta AI, formerly stylized as LLaMA) is a family of autoregressive large language models (LLMs) released by Meta AI starting in February 2023. [2] [3] The latest version is Llama 3.3, released in December 2024.