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  2. Computer programming in the punched card era - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computer_programming_in...

    A single program deck, with individual subroutines marked. The markings show the effects of editing, as cards are replaced or reordered. Many early programming languages, including FORTRAN, COBOL and the various IBM assembler languages, used only the first 72 columns of a card – a tradition that traces back to the IBM 711 card reader used on the IBM 704/709/7090/7094 series (especially the ...

  3. Punched card input/output - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Punched_card_input/output

    An IBM 80-column punched card of the type most widely used in the 20th century IBM 1442 card reader/punch for 80 column cards. A computer punched card reader or just computer card reader is a computer input device used to read computer programs in either source or executable form and data from punched cards.

  4. Punched card - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Punched_card

    Cards would typically be punched with some initial information, such as the name and location of an inventory item. Information to be added, such as quantity of the item on hand, would be marked in the ovals. Card punches with an option to detect mark sense cards could then punch the corresponding information into the card.

  5. Aeronautical chart conventions (United States) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aeronautical_chart...

    The charts are published "in accordance with Interagency Air Cartographic Committee specifications and agreements, approved by the Department of Defense and the Federal Aviation Administration". The legend of an aeronautical chart lists many of the symbols, colors and codes used to convey information to the map reader.

  6. Unit record equipment - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unit_record_equipment

    Columns on different punch cards vary from 5 to 12 punch positions. The method used to store data on punched cards is vendor specific. In general each column represents a single digit, letter or special character. Sequential card columns allocated for a specific use, such as names, addresses, multi-digit numbers, etc., are known as a field.

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  8. Keypunch - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Keypunch

    The IBM 056 verifier used most of the same mechanical and electrical components as the 024/026 keypunches with the exception of the punch unit and print head. The punch unit had sensing pins in place of the punches. The holes sensed or not sensed would trip a contact bail when the configuration was other than that entered by the verifier operator.

  9. Plugboard - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plugboard

    Punch magnets Machines that could punch cards, such as a reproducing punch, had hub entries for each card column. An impulse to one of those entries triggered the electromagnet that initiated the punching of a hole at that column position. Print entries, one hub for each print position. Impulses to these entries controlled the motion of print ...