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The symbol for a battery in a circuit diagram. It originated as a schematic drawing of the earliest type of battery, the voltaic pile . An electric battery is a source of electric power consisting of one or more electrochemical cells with external connections [ 1 ] for powering electrical devices.
The equivalent circuit model (ECM) is a common lumped-element model for Lithium-ion battery cells. [1] [2] [3] The ECM simulates the terminal voltage dynamics of a Li-ion cell through an equivalent electrical network composed passive elements, such as resistors and capacitors, and a voltage generator.
Battery balancing and battery redistribution refer to techniques that improve the available capacity of a battery pack with multiple cells (usually in series) and increase each cell's longevity. [1] A battery balancer or battery regulator is an electrical device in a battery pack that performs battery balancing. [ 2 ]
In battery-powered equipment, a battery eliminator circuit (BEC) is an electronic voltage regulator used to power a subsystem at a different voltage without the need for a supplemental battery. BECs are commonly used in radio-controlled models , which need separate voltages to power the motor and the RC equipment.
Protection circuit module (PCM) is a simpler alternative to BMS. [3] A battery pack built together with a battery management system with an external communication data bus is a smart battery pack. A smart battery pack must be charged by a smart battery charger. [1] [4]
The battery's open-circuit voltage can also be used to gauge the state of charge. [15] If the connections to the individual cells are accessible, then the state of charge of each cell can be determined which can provide a guide as to the state of health of the battery as a whole; otherwise, the overall battery voltage may be assessed.
Other battery chemistries, such as lithium-ion battery technology, cannot be safely trickle charged. In that case, supervisory circuits (sometimes called battery management systems) adjust electrical conditions during charging to match the requirements of the battery chemistry. For Li-ion batteries generally, and for some variants especially ...
Charge controller circuits are used for rechargeable electronic devices such as cell phones, laptop computers, portable audio players, and uninterruptible power supplies, as well as for larger battery systems found in electric vehicles and orbiting space satellites [9]