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Piperazine is freely soluble in water and ethylene glycol, but insoluble in diethyl ether. It is a weak base with two pK b of 5.35 and 9.73 at 25 °C.; the pH of a 10% aqueous solution of piperazine is 10.8–11.8. Piperazine readily absorbs water and carbon dioxide from the air.
Benzylpiperazine (BZP) is a substance often used as a recreational drug and is known to have euphoriant and stimulant properties. Several studies conducted between 2000 and 2011 found that the effects of BZP are similar to amphetamine, although BZP's dosage is roughly 10 times higher by weight.
Hydroxyzine works by blocking the effects of histamine. [9] It is a first-generation antihistamine in the piperazine family of chemicals. [8] [4] Common side effects include sleepiness, headache, and dry mouth. [8] [9] Serious side effects may include QT prolongation. [9] It is unclear if use during pregnancy or breastfeeding is safe. [8]
In comparison studies, mCPP has approximately 10-fold selectivity for the human 5-HT 2C receptor over the human 5-HT 2A and 5-HT 2B receptors (K i = 3.4 nM vs. 32.1 and 28.8 nM). [11] It acts as a partial agonist of the human 5-HT 2A [ 47 ] and 5-HT 2C [ 48 ] receptors but as an antagonist of the human 5-HT 2B receptors.
oMeOPP and mCPP have both been found to suppress conditioned avoidance responses (CARs) without markedly affecting escape behavior in animals, indicative that they have antipsychotic-like effects. [2] The serotonin receptor antagonist metergoline reversed the suppression of CARs by mCPP but not by oMeOPP.
1-Phenylpiperazine (1-PP or PP) is a simple chemical compound and drug featuring a phenyl group bound to a piperazine ring. [1] The suffix ‘-piprazole’ is sometimes used in the names of drugs to indicate they belong to this class. [2] It is a rigid analogue of amphetamine.
Vanoxerine is an investigational drug which is being evaluated for the treatment of heart arrhythmias and cocaine dependence.Vanoxerine is a piperazine derivative which has multiple pharmacological activities including acting as an dopamine reuptake inhibitor, serotonin transporter inhibitor, and as a blocker of the cardiac hERG repolarizing potassium channel (IKr).
para-Fluorophenylpiperazine (pFPP, 4-FPP, 4-Fluorophenylpiperazine; Fluoperazine, Flipiperazine) is a piperazine derivative with mildly psychedelic and euphoriant effects. [2] [3] It has been sold as an ingredient in legal recreational drugs known as "Party pills", initially in New Zealand and subsequently in other countries around the world.