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Left realism emerged from critical criminology taking issue with "the two major socialist currents in criminology since the war: reformism and left idealism", [2] criticising 'the moral panics of the mass media or the blatant denial of left idealism' [3]
Prior to joining the University of Kent, he was a professor of criminology at London South Bank University and Middlesex University. Matthews is known as one of the key figures in left realism, a criminological critique of both the dominant administrative criminology and the critical criminology ("left idealism").
Crime and Modernity: Continuities in Left Realist Criminology. London: Sage. ISBN 0-8039-7557-0; Lea J. (2004) 'Hitting Criminals where it hurts: organised crime and the erosion of due process' Cambrian Law Review vol 35: 81-9; Lea, J. (2010) 'Left Realism, Community and State Building' Crime, Law and Social Change 54: 141-158.
With his colleagues, most notably John Lea and Roger Matthews, he developed left realist criminology in a series of books including What Is to Be Done About Law and Order? (1984). He completed research on criminal victimisation, stop and search , and urban riots, and was a frequent contributor to media debates on crime and policing.
The theme was 'critical criminology and post-crash capitalism'. It was organized by the Teesside Centre for Realist Criminology. The plenary speakers were Rowland Atkinson, Emaonn Carrabine, Walter DeKeseredy, Steve Hall, Keith J. Hayward, John Lea, Maggie O'Neill, Vincenzo Ruggerio and Sandra Walklate.
The postmodernist school in criminology applies postmodernism to the study of crime and criminals. It is based on an understanding of "criminality" as a product of the use of power to limit the behaviour of those individuals excluded from power, but who try to overcome social inequality and behave in ways which the power structure prohibits.
Right realism, in criminology, also known as New Right Realism, Neo-Classicism, Neo-Positivism, or Neo-Conservatism, is the ideological polar opposite of left realism.It considers the phenomenon of crime from the perspective of political conservatism and asserts that it takes a more realistic view of the causes of crime and deviance, and identifies the best mechanisms for its control.
Radical criminology states that society "functions" in terms of the general interests of the ruling class rather than "society as a whole" and that while the potential for conflict is always present, it is continually neutralised by the power of a ruling class.