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Anodic aluminum oxide, anodic aluminum oxide (AAO), or anodic alumina is a self-organized form of aluminum oxide that has a honeycomb-like structure formed by high density arrays of uniform and parallel pores. The diameter of the pores can be as low as 5 nanometers and as high as several hundred nanometers, and length can be controlled from few ...
Physical vapor deposition (PVD), sometimes called physical vapor transport (PVT), describes a variety of vacuum deposition methods which can be used to produce thin films and coatings on substrates including metals, ceramics, glass, and polymers. PVD is characterized by a process in which the material transitions from a condensed phase to a ...
Aluminium oxide (or aluminium(III) oxide) is a chemical compound of aluminium and oxygen with the chemical formula Al 2 O 3. It is the most commonly occurring of several aluminium oxides, and specifically identified as aluminium oxide. It is commonly called alumina and may also be called aloxide, aloxite, or alundum in various forms and ...
Electrophoretic deposition (EPD), is a term for a broad range of industrial processes which includes electrocoating, cathodic electrodeposition, anodic electrodeposition, and electrophoretic coating, or electrophoretic painting.
Atomic layer deposition (ALD) is a thin-film deposition technique based on the sequential use of a gas-phase chemical process; it is a subclass of chemical vapour deposition. The majority of ALD reactions use two chemicals called precursors (also called "reactants"). These precursors react with the surface of a material one at a time in a ...
The food industry, [12] for example milk processing, [13] [14] also experiences fouling problems by chemical reactions. Fouling through an ionic reaction with an evolution of an inorganic solid is commonly classified as precipitation fouling (not chemical reaction fouling).
The melting point of aluminium oxide is 2050°C (2323K), much higher than pure aluminium's 658°C (931K). [6] This and the insulativity of aluminium oxide can make welding more difficult. In typical commercial aluminium anodizing processes, the aluminium oxide is grown down into the surface and out from the surface by equal amounts. [7]
The aluminium oxides, oxide hydroxides, and hydroxides can be summarized as follows: aluminium oxides. corundum (Al 2 O 3) aluminium oxide hydroxides diaspore (α-AlO(OH)) boehmite or böhmite (γ-AlO(OH)) akdalaite (5Al 2 O 3 ·H 2 O) (once believed to be 4Al 2 O 3 ·H 2 O), also called tohdite; aluminium hydroxides