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Starting in the 1960s, women's groups and feminists organizations began to emerge. [15] [22] These included university groups, women's jurist associations and clandestine women's political affiliate organizations. [15] Women's associations were tolerated by the regime but were not completely legal.
Education for women was to be centered around the need to leave women in the home and outside full participation in society, for which they were deemed unsuitable. [ 7 ] The Elementary Education Act of 1945 was created specifically for the purpose of furthering gender roles by indoctrinating children in these roles at a young age.
Women in Francoist Spain (1939–1978) were the last generation of women to not be afforded full equality under the 1978 Spanish Constitution. [1] Women during this period found traditional Catholic Spanish gender roles being imposed on them, in terms of their employment opportunities and role in the family.
Starting in the 1960s, women's groups and feminists organizations began to emerge. [1] [36] Women's associations were tolerated by the regime but were not completely legal. [1] Many met clandestinely, and they were few in number. [36] This began to change when in 1964, women's associations were legally allowed.
Women in the workforce in Francoist Spain faced high levels of discrimination. The end of the Spanish Civil War saw a return of traditional gender roles in the country. These were enforced by the regime through laws that regulated women's labor outside the home and the return of the Civil Code of 1889 and the former Law Procedure Criminal, which treated women as legally inferior to men.
This largely excluded women, as only widowed women were generally considered heads of household. [5] Women's suffrage also changed because of rules around the age of majority and the voting age. [6] [7] The age of majority for women became 23 as a result of the imposition of the reintroduction of the Civil Code of 1889, Article 321. This ...
Women in Unión General de Trabajadores (UGT) in Francoist Spain played important roles in the union dating back to the Second Republic period, even as their specific needs like maternity leave, childcare provisions and equal pay were subverted for the improvement of better overall working conditions.
Francoism professed a devotion to the traditional role of a woman in society; that is, being a loving daughter and sister to her parents and brothers, being a faithful wife to her husband, and residing with her family. Official propaganda confined the role of women to family care and motherhood. [50]