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The letter z is rare, used in names and a few loanwords such as zon "zone". z historically represented /ts/. By 1700, this had merged with /s/. As a result, z was replaced by s in 1700. z was instead used in loanwords for historical /z/. z is the second least used letter in Swedish, before q . [11]
Swedish has a large vowel inventory, with nine vowels distinguished in quality and to some degree in quantity, making 18 vowel phonemes in most dialects. Another notable feature is the pitch accent, a development which it shares with Norwegian. Swedish pronunciation of most consonants is similar to that of other Germanic languages.
The Swedish Dialect Alphabet (Swedish: Landsmålsalfabetet) is a phonetic alphabet created in 1878 by Johan August Lundell and used for the narrow transcription of Swedish dialects. The initial version of the alphabet consisted of 89 letters, 42 of which came from the phonetic alphabet proposed by Carl Jakob Sundevall . [ 1 ]
Swedish spelling was long unregulated, but beginning in the later part of the 1700s, efforts increased to regulate spelling. In 1801, the Swedish Academy commissioned Afhandling om Svenska stafsättet , a treatise on Swedish spelling by poet Carl Gustaf af Leopold. The goal of the treatise was to create a more homogeneous spelling system, based ...
The practice of using the ʀ rune to stand for /y/ then spread to the rest of Scandinavia. [6] Meanwhile, when the nasal /ɑ̃/ changed into /o/, this became the new phoneme for the ą rune. [5] Towards the end of the 11th century and in the early 12th century, new d and p runes were created through the addition of stings to the t and b runes. [5]
The letter Ä arose in German and later in Swedish from originally writing the E in AE on top of the A, which with time became simplified as two dots, consistent with the Sütterlin script. In the Icelandic , Faroese , Danish and Norwegian alphabets, " Æ " is still used instead of Ä.
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The Å-sound originally had the same origin as the long /aː/ sound in German Aal and Haar (Scandinavian ål, hår).. Historically, the å derives from the Old Norse long /aː/ vowel (spelled with the letter á), but over time, it developed into an [] sound in most Scandinavian language varieties (in Swedish and Norwegian, it has eventually reached the pronunciation []).