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Stunted growth, also known as stunting or linear growth failure, is defined as impaired growth and development manifested by low height-for-age. [1] It is a manifestation of malnutrition (undernutrition) and can be caused by endogenous factors (such as chronic food insecurity) or exogenous factors (such as parasitic infection ).
Globally, 162 million children show symptoms of malnutrition such as stunting, which is an indicator of malnourishment. [7] The WHO reported that two out of five children that are stunted live in Southern Asia, however Africa is the only region where there is an increasing number of stunted children. [ 8 ]
Environmental enteropathy (EE or tropical enteropathy or environmental enteric dysfunction or EED) is an acquired small intestinal disorder characterized by gut inflammation, reduced absorptive surface area in small intestine, and disruption of intestinal barrier function.
It is estimated that nearly one in three persons globally has at least one form of malnutrition: wasting, stunting, vitamin or mineral deficiency, overweight, obesity, or diet-related noncommunicable diseases. [22] Undernutrition is more common in developing countries. [23] Stunting is more prevalent in urban slums than in rural areas. [24]
To be sure, stunting has decreased across social groups - a separate 2022 study found that improvements in health and nutrition interventions, household living conditions and maternal factors led ...
In botany and agriculture, stunting describes a plant disease that results in dwarfing and loss of vigor. It may be caused by infectious or noninfectious means. [1] [2] [3] Stunted growth can affect foliage and crop yields, as well as eating quality in edible plants. Stunted growth can be prevented through controlling quality of seeds, soil ...
Failure to thrive (FTT), also known as weight faltering or faltering growth, indicates insufficient weight gain or absence of appropriate physical growth in children. [2] [3] FTT is usually defined in terms of weight, and can be evaluated either by a low weight for the child's age, or by a low rate of increase in the weight.
S. kunkelii, the corn stunt spiroplasma, was characterized as the causative agent of corn stunt disease by Whitcomb et al. in 1986. [19] [20] In the literature, the combination of maize bushy stunt mycoplasma and maize rayado fino marafivirus in addition to S. kunkelii has been called the corn stunt disease complex, also called "achaparramiento."