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[1] [4] Chloroquine is a member of the drug class 4-aminoquinoline. [1] As an antimalarial, it works against the asexual form of the malaria parasite in the stage of its life cycle within the red blood cell. [1] How it works in rheumatoid arthritis and lupus erythematosus is unclear. [1] Chloroquine was discovered in 1934 by Hans Andersag.
Chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine are anti-malarial medications also used against some auto-immune diseases. [51] Chloroquine, along with hydroxychloroquine, was an early experimental treatment for COVID-19. [52] Neither drug has been useful to prevent or treat SARS-CoV-2 infection.
Fungi have been used to make many antibiotics since Sir Alexander Flemming discovered Penicillin from the mold, Penicillium notatum. [25] [26] Recently, there has been a renewed interest in using fungi to create antibiotics since many bacteria have obtained antibiotic resistance due to the heavy selection pressures that antibiotics cause. [25]
Production of antibiotics is a naturally occurring event, that thanks to advances in science can now be replicated and improved upon in laboratory settings. Due to the discovery of penicillin by Alexander Fleming, and the efforts of Florey and Chain in 1938, large-scale, pharmaceutical production of antibiotics has been made possible.
Hydroxychloroquine and chloroquine have numerous, potentially serious, side effects, such as retinopathy, hypoglycemia, or life-threatening arrhythmia and cardiomyopathy. [26] Both drugs have extensive interactions with prescription drugs, affecting the therapeutic dose and disease mitigation. [26] [27] Some people have allergic reactions to ...
Alternatives exist for many animal-derived ingredients, and healthcare providers are increasingly incorporating awareness around animal-free drugs in their medical practice. [9] [4] A 2013 study in the BMC Medical Ethics contacted branches of six of the world's largest religions. Of the six religions contacted, respondents from three did not ...
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The most widely accepted hypothesis of its action is based on the well-studied and closely related quinoline drug, chloroquine. This model involves the inhibition of hemozoin biocrystallization in the heme detoxification pathway, which facilitates the aggregation of cytotoxic heme .