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Preventive healthcare strategies are described as taking place at the primal, [2] primary, [13] secondary, and tertiary prevention levels. Although advocated as preventive medicine in the early twentieth century by Sara Josephine Baker, [14] in the 1940s, Hugh R. Leavell and E. Gurney Clark coined the term primary prevention.
He defined the new field in this way, "Health psychology is the aggregate of the specific educational, scientific and professional contributions of the discipline of psychology to the promotion and maintenance of health, the prevention and treatment of illness, the identification of diagnostic and etiologic correlates of health, illness and ...
Primary care psychology Provision of clinical mental health services through a population-based focus on the common problems confronting a majority of individuals. Such issues treated in primary care may include response to physical illness, stress, affective concerns, substance use and abuse, and developmental and situational issues among others.
Primary prevention involves taking measures to combat the risk of developing a health problem [3] (e.g., controlling weight to prevent high blood pressure). Secondary prevention involves taking steps to prevent a condition from becoming worse [4] (e.g., remembering to take daily medication to control blood pressure).
Emory L. Cowen (1926 – November 30, 2000) was an American psychologist who pioneered the promotion of wellness in mental health. Cowen is widely considered one of the fathers of community psychology and community mental health due to his research and implementation of early detection and primary and secondary prevention in mental health.
Historically prevention has been a very small part of the spend of mental health systems. For instance the 2009 UK Department of Health analysis of prevention expenditure did not include any apparent spend on mental health. [66] The situation is the same in research. [67]
Primary health care (PHC) is a whole-of-society approach to effectively organise and strengthen national health systems to bring services for health and wellbeing closer to communities. [ 1 ] Primary health care enables health systems to support a person’s health needs – from health promotion to disease prevention, treatment, rehabilitation ...
The health belief model (HBM) is a social psychological health behavior change model developed to explain and predict health-related behaviors, particularly in regard to the uptake of health services. [1] [2] The health belief model also refers to an individual's beliefs about preventing diseases, maintaining health, and striving for well-being ...