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A depressogen is a substance that causes or can cause depression, usually as a side effect. [1] They are the functional opposites of antidepressants. [2]Examples of drugs commonly associated with depressogenic effects include ethanol, some anticonvulsants such as the barbiturates (e.g. phenobarbital), benzodiazepines (e.g. diazepam), vigabatrin, and topiramate, corticosteroids like ...
The risk factors [110] for treatment resistant depression are: the duration of the episode of depression, severity of the episode, if bipolar, lack of improvement in symptoms within the first couple of treatment weeks, anxious or avoidant and borderline comorbidity and old age. Treatment resistant depression is best handled with a combination ...
Although the use of antidepressants has been widely used, not all agree that it is an appropriate treatment for some minor depression disorder settings. [8] Another alternative that has been researched is the use of St. John's wort (Hypericum perforatum). This herbal treatment has been studied by various groups with various results. [9]
Depression (mood), a state of low mood and aversion to activity; Mood disorders characterized by depression are commonly referred to as simply depression, including: Major depressive disorder, also known as clinical depression; Bipolar disorder, also known as manic depression; Dysthymia, also known as persistent depressive disorder
Treatment guidelines from the National Institute of Health and Clinical Excellence [37] recommend against the use of SSRIs in this disorder. Those from the American Psychiatric Association note that SSRIs confer no advantage regarding weight gain, but that they may be used for the treatment of co-existing depression, anxiety, or OCD. [38]
Ketamine has been tested as a rapid-acting antidepressant [13] for treatment-resistant depression in bipolar disorder, and major depressive disorder. [14] Spravato, a nasal spray form of esketamine, was approved by the FDA in 2019 for use in treatment-resistant depression when combined with an oral antidepressant. [15] [16]
The term euthymia is derived from the Greek words ευ eu ' well ' and θυμός thymos ' spirit '. [3] The word “thymos” had four meanings: life energy, feelings/passions, desire/will, and thought/intelligence; and was also tied to the social dimension e.g. seeking honor from others. [3]
These disturbances are most commonly seen in mood disorders, and are part of the diagnostic criteria for depression, but also appear in other conditions. [1] Vegetative symptoms in a patient with typical depression include: [2] Weight loss and loss of appetite; Insomnia; Fatigue and low energy; Inattention