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The term Alaska Native has important legal usage in Alaska and the rest of the United States as a result of the Alaska Native Claims Settlement Act of 1971. It does not apply to Inuit or Yupik originating outside the state. As a result, the term Eskimo is still in use in Alaska.
The term Eskimo was once common, but it is now perceived as derogatory and is being replaced in common use with "Inuit" or individual groups' own names for themselves. [ 1 ] [ 25 ] [ 26 ] As mentioned above, Yupik and Unangan are distinct from Inuit.
Eskimo (definition) From Old Montagnais aiachkimeou ([aːjast͡ʃimeːw]; modern ayassimēw), meaning "snowshoe-netter" (many times incorrectly claimed to be from an Ojibwe word meaning "eaters of raw [meat]"), and originally used to refer to the Mikmaq. [16] [17] Hickory (definition) From Powhatan <pocohiquara>, "milky drink made with hickory ...
The term Eskimo is still used by people; [19] [68] [69] however in the 21st century, usage in North America has declined. [20] [21] In the United States the term Eskimo was, as of 2016, commonly [19] used to describe Inuit and the Siberian and Alaskan Yupik, and Iñupiat peoples. Eskimo is still used by some groups and organizations to ...
Eskimology / ˌ ɛ s k ɪ ˈ m ɒ l ə dʒ i / or Inuitology is a complex of humanities and sciences studying the languages, history, literature, folklore, culture, and ethnology of the speakers of Eskimo–Aleut languages and Inuit, Yupik and Aleut (or Unangam), sometimes collectively known as Eskimos, in historical and comparative context.
The term culture of the Inuit, therefore, refers primarily to these areas; however, parallels to other Eskimo groups can also be drawn. The word "Eskimo" has been used to encompass the Inuit and Yupik, and other indigenous Alaskan and Siberian peoples, [2] [3] [4] but this usage is in decline. [5] [6]
The Circumpolar peoples of the Americas, often referred to by the English term Eskimo, have a distinct set of stereotypes. Eskimo itself is an exonym, deriving from phrases that Algonquin tribes used for their northern neighbors, [3] in Canada the term Inuit is generally preferred, while Alaska Natives is used in the United States.
The claim that Eskimo words for snow are unusually numerous, particularly in contrast to English, is a cliché commonly used to support the controversial linguistic relativity hypothesis. In linguistic terminology, the relevant languages are the Eskimo–Aleut languages , specifically the Yupik and Inuit varieties.