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An infidel (literally "unfaithful") is a person who is accused of disbelief in the central tenets of one's own religion, such as members of another religion, or irreligious people. [ 1 ] [ 2 ]
Some of the earliest records of European usage of the word can be found in The Principal Navigations, Voyages, Traffiques and Discoveries of the English Nation (1589) by Richard Hakluyt. [93] In volume 4, Hakluyt writes: "calling them Cafars and Gawars, which is, infidels or disbelievers". [94]
The term derives from preachers thumping their hands down on the Bible, or thumping the Bible itself, to emphasize a point during a sermon. The term's target domain is broad and can often extend to anyone engaged in a public show of religion, fundamentalist or not. The term is frequently used in English-speaking countries. [4] Cafeteria Christian
Giaour (a Turkish adaptation of the Persian gâwr or gōr, an infidel), a word used by the Turks to describe all who are not Mohammedans, with especial reference to Christians. The word, first employed as a term of contempt and reproach, has become so general that in most cases no insult is intended in its use; for example in parts of China ...
Throughout much of the Bible, Ephrath is a description for members of the Israelite tribe of Judah, as well as for possible founders of Bethlehem. [ 4 ] Ephrath, or Bethlehem, is connected to messianic prophecy, as found in the book of the minor prophet Micah : "But thou, Bethlehem Ephratah, though thou be little among the thousands of Judah ...
Harper's Bible Dictionary: 1952 Madeleine S. and J. Lane Miller The New Bible Dictionary: 1962 J. D. Douglas Second Edition 1982, Third Edition 1996 Dictionary of the Bible: 1965 John L. McKenzie, SJ [clarification needed] The New Westminster Dictionary of the Bible: 1970 Henry Snyder Gehman LDS Bible Dictionary: 1979 Harper's Bible Dictionary ...
The Tyndale Bible was the first English translation to use the anglicized reconstruction. The modern letter "J" settled on its current English pronunciation only around 500 years ago; in Ancient Hebrew, the first consonant of the Tetragrammaton always represents a "Y" sound. Rotherham's Emphasised Bible includes 49 uses of Jah.
The word Ioudaioi is used primarily in three areas of literature in antiquity: the later books of the Hebrew Bible and Second Temple literature (e.g. the Books of the Maccabees), the New Testament (particularly the Gospel of John and Acts of the Apostles), and classical writers from the region such as Josephus and Philo.