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The animistic perspective is so widely held and inherent to most indigenous peoples that they often do not even have a word in their languages that corresponds to "animism" (or even "religion"). [11] The term "animism" is an anthropological construct .
Animatism is a term coined by British anthropologist Robert Marett in the context of his teleological theory of the evolution of religion. It refers to "a belief in a generalized, impersonal power over which people have some measure of control". [1]
The Integrated Psychological Theory of leadership attempts to integrate the strengths of the older theories (i.e. traits, behavioral/styles, situational and functional) while addressing their limitations, introducing a new element – the need for leaders to develop their leadership presence, attitude toward others, and behavioral flexibility ...
Robert Ranulph Marett (13 June 1866 – 18 February 1943) was a British ethnologist and a proponent of the British Evolutionary School of cultural anthropology.Founded by Marett's older colleague, Edward Burnett Tylor, it asserted that modern primitive societies provide evidence for phases in the evolution of culture, which it attempted to recapture via comparative and historical methods.
Over the years, many reviewers of trait leadership theory have commented that this approach to leadership is "too simplistic", [41] and "futile". [42] Additionally, scholars have noted that trait leadership theory usually only focuses on how leader effectiveness is perceived by followers [23] rather than a leader's actual effectiveness. [8]
With regard to these theories founded upon the primordial and universal character of mana, we must say without delay that they have been invalidated by later research". [ 25 ] Holbraad [ 26 ] argued in a paper included in the volume "Thinking Through Things: Theorising Artefacts Ethnographically" that the concept of mana highlights a ...
In Jung's theory, the anima makes up the totality of the unconscious feminine psychological qualities that a man possesses and the animus the masculine ones possessed by a woman. Jung's theory states that the anima and animus are the two primary anthropomorphic archetypes of the unconscious mind , as opposed to the theriomorphic and inferior ...
The Fr. Bulatao approach perceives hypnosis as an altered state of consciousness (ASC) and echoes Freud's theory that dreams and symbolic language are pivotal in accessing and influencing the unconscious mind. In the Fr. Bulatao style, narratives and metaphors become the tools for engaging and transforming the unconscious, creating a deeply ...