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Major depression is often associated with biomarkers indicative of inflammatory responses, with interleukin-6, interleukin-1, interleukin-2 receptor, tumor necrosis factor alpha, C-reactive protein, and monocyte chemotactic protein-1 all being found to be elevated in those with depression.
An autoantibody is an antibody (a type of protein) produced by the immune system that is directed against one or more of the individual's own proteins. Many autoimmune diseases (notably lupus erythematosus ) are associated with such antibodies.
Antibodies against the body's own products are called autoantibodies. Autoantibodies can sometimes errantly be directed against healthy portions of the organism, causing autoimmune diseases. ATA can be classified according to 2 different schemes: transglutaminase isoform and immunoglobulin reactivity subclass (IgA, IgG) toward transglutaminases.
Somatostatin receptor antagonists (or somatostatin inhibitors) are a class of chemical compounds that work by imitating the structure of the neuropeptide somatostatin. The somatostatin receptors are G protein-coupled receptors. Somatostatin receptor subtypes in humans are sstr1, 2A, 2 B, 3, 4 and 5. [1]
Adrenergic receptor autoantibodies The adrenergic receptors (or adrenoreceptors) are a class of cell membrane-bound protein receptors throughout the body that are targets of the catecholamines , especially norepinephrine (or noradrenaline) and epinephrine (or adrenaline).
10 Ways That Chronic Stress Affects Your Brain. Cortisol is the stress hormone that does all the damage to our brain and body. Physical health problems that are a result of chronic stress include ...
Depression may be related to abnormalities in the circadian rhythm, [24] or biological clock. A well synchronized circadian rhythm is critical for maintaining optimal health . Adverse changes and alterations in the circadian rhythm have been associated with various neurological disorders and mood disorders including depression.
By the 1950s, the modern understanding of autoantibodies and autoimmune diseases started to spread. [ 6 ] More recently, it has become accepted that autoimmune responses are an integral part of vertebrate immune systems (sometimes termed "natural autoimmunity"). [ 7 ]