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The runas command was introduced with the Windows 2000 operating system. [2] Any application can use this API to create a process with alternate credentials, for example, Windows Explorer in Windows 7 allows an application to be started under a different account if the shift key is held while right clicking its icon.
User Account Control (UAC) is a mandatory access control enforcement feature introduced with Microsoft's Windows Vista [1] and Windows Server 2008 operating systems, with a more relaxed [2] version also present in Windows 7, Windows Server 2008 R2, Windows 8, Windows Server 2012, Windows 8.1, Windows Server 2012 R2, Windows 10, and Windows 11.
On Windows XP or later, the maximum length of the string that can be used at the command prompt is 8191 (2 13-1) characters.On earlier versions, such as Windows 2000 or Windows NT 4.0, the maximum length of the string is 2047 (2 11-1) characters.
Windows Console is the infrastructure for console applications in Microsoft Windows. An instance of a Windows Console has a screen buffer and an input buffer. It allows console apps to run inside a window or in hardware text mode (so as to occupy the entire screen). The user can switch between the two using the Alt+↵ Enter key combination
A graphical user interface with icons and windows (GEM 1.1 Desktop) Compared with a graphical user interface, a command-line interface requires fewer system resources to implement. Since options to commands are given in a few characters in each command line, an experienced user often finds the options easier to access.
COMMAND.COM is the default command-line interpreter for MS-DOS, Windows 95, Windows 98 and Windows Me.In the case of DOS, it is the default user interface as well. [2] It has an additional role as the usual first program run after boot (init process), hence being responsible for setting up the system by running the AUTOEXEC.BAT configuration file, and being the ancestor of all processes.
Since Windows XP, users can manually initiate a refresh of the group policy by using the gpupdate command from a command prompt. [4] Group Policy Objects are processed in the following order (from top to bottom): [5] Local - Any settings in the computer's local policy. Prior to Windows Vista, there was only one local group policy stored per ...
To avoid this and maintain optimal system security on pre-UAC Windows systems, it is recommended to simply authenticate when necessary from a standard user account, either via a password set to the built-in administrator account, or another administrator account. In Windows Vista/7/8/10/11 administrator accounts, a prompt will appear to ...