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  2. Carbonization - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carbonization

    Carbonization is a pyrolytic reaction, therefore, is considered a complex process in which many reactions take place concurrently such as dehydrogenation, condensation, hydrogen transfer and isomerization. Carbonization differs from coalification in that it occurs much faster, due to its reaction rate being faster by many orders of magnitude.

  3. Torrefaction - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Torrefaction

    Torrefaction is a thermochemical treatment of biomass at 200 to 320 °C (392 to 608 °F). It is carried out under atmospheric pressure and in the absence of oxygen.During the torrefaction process, the water contained in the biomass as well as superfluous volatiles are released, and the biopolymers (cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin) partly decompose, giving off various types of volatiles. [4]

  4. Pyrolysis - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pyrolysis

    The process is used heavily in the chemical industry, for example, to produce ethylene, many forms of carbon, and other chemicals from petroleum, coal, and even wood, or to produce coke from coal. It is used also in the conversion of natural gas (primarily methane ) into hydrogen gas and solid carbon char, recently introduced on an industrial ...

  5. Pine tar - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pine_tar

    Pine tar is a form of wood tar produced by the high temperature carbonization of pine wood in anoxic conditions (dry distillation or destructive distillation).The wood is rapidly decomposed by applying heat and pressure in a closed container; the primary resulting products are charcoal and pine tar.

  6. Wood gas - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wood_gas

    Wood gas is a fuel gas that can be used for furnaces, stoves, and vehicles. During the production process, biomass or related carbon-containing materials are gasified within the oxygen-limited environment of a wood gas generator to produce a combustible mixture.

  7. Charcoal burner - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charcoal_burner

    Logs were arranged in a conical heap (a charcoal kiln or pile) around posts, a fire shaft was made using brushwood and wood chips and covered with an airtight layer of grass, moss and earth. The pile was ignited inside the firing shaft and, at a temperature of between 300 and 350 °C, the carbonization process began. The process took six to ...

  8. Charcoal - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charcoal

    Charcoal Packaging of charcoal for export in Namibia. Charcoal is a lightweight black carbon residue produced by strongly heating wood (or other animal and plant materials) in minimal oxygen to remove all water and volatile constituents.

  9. Yakisugi - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yakisugi

    By slightly charring the surface of the wood without combusting the whole piece, the surface becomes water-resistant through the carbonization and at the same time its hygroscopy is decreased due to chemical cell-changing process during carbonization, which results in increased durability.