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In 1890, Ernesto Cesàro stated a broader family of summation methods which have since been called (C, α) for non-negative integers α. The (C, 0) method is just ordinary summation, and (C, 1) is Cesàro summation as described above. The higher-order methods can be described as follows: given a series Σa n, define the quantities
In mathematical analysis, a summability method is an alternative formulation of convergence of a series which is divergent in the conventional sense. Subcategories This category has the following 2 subcategories, out of 2 total.
For any summation method L, its Abelian theorem is the result that if c = (c n) is a convergent sequence, with limit C, then L(c) = C. [clarification needed]An example is given by the Cesàro method, in which L is defined as the limit of the arithmetic means of the first N terms of c, as N tends to infinity.
A generalized definition of the "sum" of a divergent series is called a summation method or summability method. There are many different methods and it is desirable that they share some properties of ordinary summation .
In mathematics, the Silverman–Toeplitz theorem, first proved by Otto Toeplitz, is a result in series summability theory characterizing matrix summability methods that are regular. A regular matrix summability method is a linear sequence transformation that preserves the limits of convergent sequences. [1]
In mathematics and theoretical physics, zeta function regularization is a type of regularization or summability method that assigns finite values to divergent sums or products, and in particular can be used to define determinants and traces of some self-adjoint operators.
More generally one can define summation methods slightly stronger than Borel's by taking the numbers b n to be slightly larger, for example b n = cnlog n or b n =cnlog n log log n. In practice this generalization is of little use, as there are almost no natural examples of series summable by this method that cannot also be summed by Borel's method.
In mathematics, summation by parts transforms the summation of products of sequences into other summations, often simplifying the computation or (especially) estimation of certain types of sums. It is also called Abel's lemma or Abel transformation , named after Niels Henrik Abel who introduced it in 1826.
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