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Sagittarii (Latin, plural form of sagittarius) is the Latin term for archers. The term sagittariorum in the title of an infantry or cavalry unit indicated a specialized archer regiment. [1] Regular auxiliary units of foot and horse archers appeared in the Roman army during the early empire. [2]
Etruscan funerary urn crowned with the sculpture of a woman and a front-panel relief showing two warriors fighting, polychrome terracotta, c. 150 BC. The mainstay of the Roman republic's war machine was the manipular legion, a heavy infantry unit suitable for close-quarter engagements on more or less any terrain, which was probably adopted sometime during the Samnite Wars (343–290 BC). [2]
Cohors I Hamiorum sagittariorum ("1st Cohort of Hamian Archers") was a Roman auxiliary infantry unit of archers raised near the ancient city of Hama, Syria.It was a cohors quingenaria consisting of 480 men.
Cohors [prima] Aelia Gaesatorum milliaria [peditata] sagittaria ("[1st infantry 1000 strong] archer Aelian cohort of Gaesati") was a Roman auxiliary infantry regiment. The cohort stationed in Dacia , at castrum Resculum , and in Pannonia .
Cohors [prima] Cretum [quingenaria peditata] sagittaria ("[1st infantry 500 strong] archer cohort of Cretans") was a Roman auxiliary archers regiment. The cohort was stationed in Dacia at castra Drobeta .
The Roman empire in AD 125, in the time of emperor Hadrian, showing the Roman provinces and legions deployed. This article lists auxilia, non-legionary auxiliary regiments of the imperial Roman army, attested in the epigraphic record, by Roman province of deployment during the reign of emperor Hadrian (r. AD 117–138).
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Sagittarii – Archers, including horse-riding auxiliary archers recruited mainly in North Africa, Balkans, and later the Eastern Empire. Salararius – A soldier enjoying special service conditions or hired as a mercenary. Scholae – was used in the late Roman Empire to signify a unit of Imperial Guards.