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Financial modeling is the task of building an abstract representation (a model) of a real world financial situation. [1] This is a mathematical model designed to represent (a simplified version of) the performance of a financial asset or portfolio of a business, project , or any other investment.
Monte Carlo methods are used in corporate finance and mathematical finance to value and analyze (complex) instruments, portfolios and investments by simulating the various sources of uncertainty affecting their value, and then determining the distribution of their value over the range of resultant outcomes.
The general structure of any financial model is standard: (i) input (ii) calculation algorithm (iii) output; see Financial forecast.While the output for a project finance model is more or less uniform, and the calculation is predetermined by accounting rules, the input is highly project-specific.
These people become known as "financial engineers" ("quant" is a term that includes both rocket scientists and financial engineers, as well as quantitative portfolio managers). [13] This led to a second major extension of the range of computational methods used in finance, also a move away from personal computers to mainframes and ...
In mathematical finance, a Monte Carlo option model uses Monte Carlo methods [Notes 1] to calculate the value of an option with multiple sources of uncertainty or with complicated features. [1] The first application to option pricing was by Phelim Boyle in 1977 (for European options ).
Financial analyst generally, and esp. § Qualification, discussing various investment, banking, and corporate roles (i.e. financial management, corporate finance, investment banking, securities analysis & valuation, portfolio & investment management, credit analysis, working capital & treasury management; see Financial modeling § Accounting)
Financial risk modeling is the use of formal mathematical and econometric techniques to measure, monitor and control the market risk, credit risk, and operational risk on a firm's balance sheet, on a bank's accounting ledger of tradeable financial assets, or of a fund manager's portfolio value; see Financial risk management. Risk modeling is ...
On the opposite case, a software cracker may hard-code a valid serial number to the program or even prevent the executable from asking the user for it, allowing unauthorized copies to be redistributed without the need of entering a valid number, thus sharing the same key for every copy, if one has been hard-coded.