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The New Zealand Government will honour all New Zealanders in the chieftainship of their land and all their property. Māori: Ki nga tangata katoa o Nu Tirani te tino rangatiratanga o o ratou whenua o ratou kainga me o ratou taonga katoa. Article 3. All New Zealanders are equal under the law with the same rights and duties.
Ngati Apa v Attorney-General was a landmark legal decision that sparked the New Zealand foreshore and seabed controversy.The case arose from an application by eight northern South Island iwi for orders declaring the foreshore and seabed of the Marlborough Sounds Maori customary land. [1]
The Māori land march of 1975 was a protest led by the group Te Rōpū Matakite (Māori for 'Those with Foresight'), created by Dame Whina Cooper.The hīkoi (march) started in Northland on 14 September, travelled the length of the North Island, and arrived at the parliament building in Wellington on 13 October 1975.
The Māori Land Court determined that it could consider the issue, but was overruled by the High Court. On 19 June 2003, New Zealand's Court of Appeal ruled in Ngati Apa v Attorney-General, amongst other matters, that: "The definition of 'land' in Te Ture Whenua Maori Act 1993 did not necessarily exclude foreshore and seabed"; [2]
The New Zealand land confiscations took place during the 1860s to punish the Kīngitanga movement for attempting to set up an alternative Māori form of government that forbade the selling of land to European settlers. The confiscation law targeted Kīngitanga Māori against whom the government had waged war to restore the rule of British law.
The term land loss includes coastal erosion. It is a much broader term than coastal erosion because land loss also includes land converted to open water around the edges of estuaries and interior bays and lakes and by subsidence of coastal plain wetlands. The most important causes of land loss in coastal plains are erosion, inadequate sediment ...
The multi-dimensional model of Māori identity and cultural engagement (MMM-ICE) is a self-report (Likert-type) questionnaire designed to assess and evaluate Māori identity in seven distinct dimensions of identity and cultural engagement in Māori populations: group-membership evaluation, socio-political consciousness, cultural efficacy and active identity engagement, spirituality ...
The Marine and Coastal Area Act 2011 replaced the controversial Foreshore and Seabed Act 2004, which was introduced by the Fifth Labour Government. [11] Māori Party co-leader Dame Tariana Turia, who left Labour and established the Māori Party largely as a response to the Foreshore and Seabed Act 2004, [12] began the third reading of the Bill in the House of Representatives on 24 March 2011.