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A single outcome may be an element of many different events, [2] and different events in an experiment are usually not equally likely, since they may include very different groups of outcomes. [3] An event consisting of only a single outcome is called an elementary event or an atomic event; that is, it is a singleton set.
In probability theory, an elementary event, also called an atomic event or sample point, is an event which contains only a single outcome in the sample space. [1] Using set theory terminology, an elementary event is a singleton. Elementary events and their corresponding outcomes are often written interchangeably for simplicity, as such an event ...
Also confidence coefficient. A number indicating the probability that the confidence interval (range) captures the true population mean. For example, a confidence interval with a 95% confidence level has a 95% chance of capturing the population mean. Technically, this means that, if the experiment were repeated many times, 95% of the CIs computed at this level would contain the true population ...
The same term can also be used more informally to refer to something "standard" or "classic". For example, one might say that Euclid's proof is the "canonical proof" of the infinitude of primes. There are two canonical proofs that are always used to show non-mathematicians what a mathematical proof is like:
A probability is a way of assigning every event a value between zero and one, with the requirement that the event made up of all possible results (in our example, the event {1,2,3,4,5,6}) is assigned a value of one. To qualify as a probability, the assignment of values must satisfy the requirement that for any collection of mutually exclusive ...
For example, events A and B are said to be collectively exhaustive if = where S is the sample space. Compare this to the concept of a set of mutually exclusive events. In such a set no more than one event can occur at a given time. (In some forms of mutual exclusion only one event can ever occur.)
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The classical definition of probability assigns equal probabilities to events based on physical symmetry which is natural for coins, cards and dice. Some mathematicians object that the definition is circular. [11] The probability for a "fair" coin is... A "fair" coin is defined by a probability of... The definition is very limited.