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By far, the most important source of ancient Tamil history is the corpus of Tamil poems, referred to as Sangam literature, generally dated from the last centuries of the pre-Christian era to the early centuries of the Christian era. [2] [3] [4] It consists of 2,381 known poems, with a total of over 50,000 lines, written by 473 poets.
Each Narikurava clan has a bundle of clothes called sami-mootai meaning "God's bundle". [7] It is filled with blood of animals sacrificed by the Narikuravas and clothes dipped in them. The sami-mootai of one clan must not be touched by members of another clan. On the death of the head of the family, his eldest son inherits the sami-mootai. [7]
'three' and Tamil: வேந்தர், romanized: vēntar, lit. 'king',. [6] They are mentioned by Megasthenes and the Edicts of Ashoka, [7] and first in Tolkappiyam among Tamil literature who was the first to call them Three Glorified by Heaven (Tamil: வான்புகழ் மூவர், Vāṉpukaḻ Mūvar). [1]
In addition to Madurai, the poem is another source of historic information about the Tamil region. It mentions seaports in the neithal coastline, the prosperous marutham farms, the hilly kurinchi region, the palai arid area. [6] Madurai is described as the capital city with fortified gates, broad streets, mansions and big markets.
Kodumanal is a village located in the Erode district in the southern Indian state of Tamil Nadu. It was once a flourishing ancient trade city known as Kodumanam, as inscribed in Patittrupathu of Sangam Literature. [1] The place is an important archaeological site, under the control of State Archaeological Department of Tamil Nadu.
Even though the Tamil language saw a decline during this period, Cilappatikaram and Manimekalai, two of The Five Great Epics of Tamil Literature were composed during this period. These epics broke with the Sangam convention of not mentioning the names or specific details of the characters, showing signs of growing influence from Sanskrit .
The Purananuru is the most important Tamil corpus of Sangam era courtly poems, [8] and it has been a source of information on the political and social history of ancient Tamil Nadu. According to Hart and Heifetz, the Purananuru provides a view of the Tamil society before large-scale Indo-Aryan influences affected it. [2]
Margareta (c. 1369 – c. 1414) was a Swedish Sami missionary. Between about 1388 and 1414, she travelled around Sweden asking churches for support in spreading Christianity to the Sami people. In 1389, her campaign prompted a letter from the Swedish crown and the bishop of Uppsala in support of the mission.