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  2. Group transfer reaction - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Group_transfer_reaction

    In organic chemistry, a group transfer reaction is a class of the pericyclic reaction where one or more groups of atoms is transferred from one molecule to another. Group transfer reactions can sometimes be difficult to identify when separate reactant molecules combine into a single product molecule (like in the ene reaction).

  3. Single displacement reaction - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Single_displacement_reaction

    A single-displacement reaction, also known as single replacement reaction or exchange reaction, is an archaic concept in chemistry. It describes the stoichiometry of some chemical reactions in which one element or ligand is replaced by an atom or group. [1] [2] [3] It can be represented generically as: + +

  4. Scientific control - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scientific_control

    In other examples, outcomes might be measured as lengths, times, percentages, and so forth. In the drug testing example, we could measure the percentage of patients cured. In this case, the treatment is inferred to have no effect when the treatment group and the negative control produce the same results.

  5. Electron-withdrawing group - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electron-withdrawing_group

    In the context of electron transfer, these groups enhance the oxidizing power tendency of the attached species. For example, Tetracyanoethylene serves as an oxidant due to its attachment to four cyano substituents, which are electron-withdrawing groups. [5] Oxidants with EWGs are stronger than the parent compound.

  6. Transferability (chemistry) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transferability_(chemistry)

    In chemistry, transferability is the assumption that a chemical property that is associated with an atom or a functional group in a molecule will have a similar (but not identical) value in a variety of different circumstances. [1] Examples of transferable properties include: Electronegativity; Nucleophilicity; Chemical shifts in NMR spectroscopy

  7. Cis–trans isomerism - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cis–trans_isomerism

    In the context of chemistry, cis indicates that the functional groups (substituents) are on the same side of some plane, while trans conveys that they are on opposing (transverse) sides. Cis – trans isomers are stereoisomers , that is, pairs of molecules which have the same formula but whose functional groups are in different orientations in ...

  8. Umpolung - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Umpolung

    Dithiane chemistry. Dithiane chemistry opens the way to many new chemical transformations. One example is found in so-called anion relay chemistry in which a negative charge of an anionic functional group resulting from one organic reaction is transferred to a different location within the same carbon framework and available for secondary ...

  9. Diffusion-controlled reaction - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diffusion-controlled_reaction

    Diffusion control is more likely in solution where diffusion of reactants is slower due to the greater number of collisions with solvent molecules. Reactions where the activated complex forms easily and the products form rapidly are most likely to be limited by diffusion control. Examples are those involving catalysis and enzymatic reactions.

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    negative control vs treatment grouppositive control and negative control