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Seven sovereign states – Argentina, Australia, Chile, France, New Zealand, Norway, and the United Kingdom – have made eight territorial claims in Antarctica.These countries have tended to place their Antarctic scientific observation and study facilities within their respective claimed territories; however, a number of such facilities are located outside of the area claimed by their ...
Transcontinental countries in Europe and Africa, classified as Southern European countries by the United Nations Statistics Division: Italy (Pantelleria and the Pelagie Islands), Malta, Portugal (Madeira [including the Savage Islands]), and Spain (Canary Islands, Ceuta, Melilla, Alboran Island, and Spain's plazas de soberanía).
Oceanic islands between the Equator, 60°S, 20°W, and 115°E are the only Southern Hemisphere lands (besides East Timor) outside the five southern nuclear-weapon-free zones. Bouvet Island and the Kerguelen Islands are Antarctic islands on this map but outside the Antarctic NWFZ. Australian islands are parts of the South Pacific NWFZ.
International delegates have gathered this week to decide the fate of Antarctica’s marine environment amid escalating fears that Russia could blow conservation efforts off course. The 27 members ...
Antarctica is the remotest part of the world, but it is a hub of scientific discovery, international diplomacy and environmental change. It was officially discovered 200 years ago, on Jan. 27 ...
About 70% of the world's freshwater reserves are frozen in Antarctica, which, if melted, would raise global sea levels by almost 60 metres (200 ft). Antarctica holds the record for the lowest measured temperature on Earth, −89.2 °C (−128.6 °F). The coastal regions can reach temperatures over 10 °C (50 °F) in the summer.
In 1955, the AARI participated in the organization of Antarctic research. In 1958, it began to organize and lead all of the Soviet Antarctic expeditions, which would later make geographic discoveries, and in the same year the All-Union Arctic Institute was renamed Arctic and Antarctic Research Institute.
The RAE is a member of the subprogram "Study and exploration of the Antarctic" of the Russian federal target program "World ocean". In the autumn of 2011, the 57th seasonal expedition began. Over 200 permanent and seasonal personnel work at five permanent and several seasonal polar stations.