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The years between 1100 and 1600 were known as the "golden age" of trade, when West African gold was in high demand. [1] This led to an increase in the need and use for trade routes. [1] From 1300 the Trans-Saharan trade routes were used for trade, travel, and scholarship. [1]
The 14th century lasted from 1 January 1301 (represented by the Roman numerals MCCCI) to 31 December 1400 (MCD). It is estimated that the century witnessed the death of more than 45 million lives from political and natural disasters in both Europe and the Mongol Empire. [1] [2] West Africa experienced economic growth and prosperity.
Ferreirasdorp gold mine in 1886, the oldest part of Johannesburg [11] [12] and where the first gold diggers initially settled. [13] The mining village of Ferreira's Camp was formalized into a settlement after people seeking gold settled in the area. Initially, the ZAR did not believe that the gold would last for long and mapped out a small ...
In the 14th century, however, dynastic conflict forced the ruling group and its followers to relocate in Bornu, where as a result the Kanuri emerged as an ethnic group in the late 14th and 15th centuries. The civil war that disrupted Kanem in the second half of the 14th century resulted in the independence of Bornu.
A gold rush or gold fever is a discovery of gold—sometimes accompanied by other precious metals and rare-earth minerals—that brings an onrush of miners seeking their fortune. Major gold rushes took place in the 19th century in Australia , Greece , New Zealand , Brazil , Chile , South Africa , the United States , and Canada while smaller ...
There were many kingdoms and empires in all regions of the continent of Africa throughout history. A kingdom is a state with a king or queen as its head. [1] An empire is a political unit made up of several territories, military outposts, and peoples, "usually created by conquest, and divided between a dominant centre and subordinate peripheries".
The West African states imported highly trained slave soldiers. [25] It has been estimated that from the 10th to the 19th century some 6,000 to 7,000 enslaved people were transported north each year. [26] [failed verification] Perhaps as many as nine million enslaved people were exported along the trans-Saharan caravan route. [27]
The Sao civilization flourished from about the sixth century BC to as late as the 16th century AD in Central Africa. The Sao lived by the Chari River south of Lake Chad in territory that later became part of present-day Cameroon and Chad. They are the earliest people to have left clear traces of their presence in the territory of modern Cameroon.