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Complex (and expensive) interventions may be unreasonable when the risk is low. On the other hand, for high-risk offenders intensive interventions are likely necessary to induce any kind of change. Need principle: Every offender naturally has their own dynamic risk factors or criminogenic needs. When changed, they predict changes in reoffending ...
OASys is the abbreviated term for the Offender Assessment System, used in England and Wales by His Majesty's Prison Service and the National Probation Service to measure the risks and needs of criminal offenders under their supervision. Initially developed in 2001, it was built upon the existing ‘What Works’ evidence base.
The COMPAS software uses an algorithm to assess potential recidivism risk. Northpointe created risk scales for general and violent recidivism, and for pretrial misconduct. According to the COMPAS Practitioner's Guide, the scales were designed using behavioral and psychological constructs "of very high relevance to recidivism and criminal careers."
The Probation Service use a nationally validated risk assessment tool called OASys which help predict the likelihood and circumstances of future offending behaviour. For young offenders, the Youth Justice Board uses a system called ASSET which is specifically designed to understand the behaviours of offenders under the age of eighteen.
Probation is being used less because judges and magistrates have lost confidence in the privatised probation system. [6] The probation service in London is understaffed and many probation officers are inexperienced. Probationers are seen too infrequently and some are overlooked. A proper risk assessment is not done in the majority of cases. [7]
Risk assessment determines possible mishaps, their likelihood and consequences, and the tolerances for such events. [1] [2] The results of this process may be expressed in a quantitative or qualitative fashion. Risk assessment is an inherent part of a broader risk management strategy to help reduce any potential risk-related consequences. [1] [3]
This process varies depending on the laws of the specific jurisdiction. In some places the panel (be it judges or a jury) is required to issue a unanimous decision, while in others only a majority vote is required. In America, this process depends on the state, level of court, and even agreements between the prosecuting and defending parties.
Results of the assessment can be used to inform to revise the response in the future. Eck and Spelman identified the "Analysis" stage as the most important of the four stages. [ 3 ] The "Assessment" stage was noted as "often the most ignored part of the SARA model" by the Evidence-Based Policing App. [ 5 ]