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Electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) or electron spin resonance (ESR) spectroscopy is a method for studying materials that have unpaired electrons.The basic concepts of EPR are analogous to those of nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), but the spins excited are those of the electrons instead of the atomic nuclei.
Pulsed electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) is an electron paramagnetic resonance technique that involves the alignment of the net magnetization vector of the electron spins in a constant magnetic field. This alignment is perturbed by applying a short oscillating field, usually a microwave pulse.
An EPR spectrometer used for spin-trapping technique. Spin trapping is an analytical technique employed in chemistry [1] and biology [2] for the detection and identification of short-lived free radicals through the use of electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy.
A spin label (SL) is an organic molecule which possesses an unpaired electron, usually on a nitrogen atom, and the ability to bind to another molecule. Spin labels are normally used as tools for probing proteins or biological membrane-local dynamics using electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy.
Electron nuclear double resonance (ENDOR) is a magnetic resonance technique for elucidating the molecular and electronic structure of paramagnetic species. [1] The technique was first introduced to resolve interactions in electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectra.
In physics, biology and chemistry, electron magnetic resonance (EMR) is an interdisciplinary field that covers both electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR, also known as electron spin resonance – ESR) and electron cyclotron resonance (ECR). [1]
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Electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) is a technique that allows the detection of free radicals formed in chemical or biological systems. In addition, it studies the symmetry and electronic distribution of paramagnetic ions. This is a highly specific technique because the magnetic parameters are characteristic of each ion or free radical. [15]