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The fallacy of accent (also known as accentus, from its Latin denomination, and misleading accent [1]) is a verbal fallacy that reasons from two different vocal readings of the same written words. In English, the fallacy typically relies on prosodic stress , the emphasis given to a word within a phrase, or a phrase within a sentence.
Dysprosody, which may manifest as pseudo-foreign accent syndrome, refers to a disorder in which one or more of the prosodic functions are either compromised or eliminated. [ 1 ] Prosody refers to the variations in melody, intonation , pauses, stresses, intensity, vocal quality, and accents of speech. [ 2 ]
Some emotion-prosody mappings are nearly universal in nature, such as the expressions of pain, and others more language-specific, such the expressions of envy or remorse. Sociolinguistically, English prosody varies significantly across dialects, and prosody is important in constructing social identities, including gender identies and social roles.
Argument from fallacy (also known as the fallacy fallacy) – the assumption that, if a particular argument for a "conclusion" is fallacious, then the conclusion by itself is false. [ 5 ] Base rate fallacy – making a probability judgment based on conditional probabilities , without taking into account the effect of prior probabilities .
An example of lexical prosody would be "CONvert" versus "conVERT". Phrasal prosody: aprosodia affecting certain stressed words. Deficits in the left hemisphere affect this linguistic rule. An example of phrasal prosody would be a "Hot DOG", a dog that’s hot, versus a "HOT dog", a frankfurter.
The book Notes on Prosody by author Vladimir Nabokov compares differences in iambic verse in the English and Russian languages, and highlights the effect of relative word length in the two languages on rhythm. Nabokov also proposes an approach for scanning patterns of accent which interact with syllabic stress in iambic verse.
Schmidt takes, for example, an adjective such as 'complete' and shows that it is used with the normal accent on the second syllable in lines such as: He is complete in feature and in mind (Gent. ii 4.73) And then proceeds to find numerous examples where the stress is changed according to the rule, thus: A maid of grace and complete majesty.
Also apophthegm. A terse, pithy saying, akin to a proverb, maxim, or aphorism. aposiopesis A rhetorical device in which speech is broken off abruptly and the sentence is left unfinished. apostrophe A figure of speech in which a speaker breaks off from addressing the audience (e.g., in a play) and directs speech to a third party such as an opposing litigant or some other individual, sometimes ...