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If R is commutative, the Jacobson radical always contains the nilradical. If the ring R is a finitely generated Z-algebra, then the nilradical is equal to the Jacobson radical, and more generally: the radical of any ideal I will always be equal to the intersection of all the maximal ideals of R that contain I. This says that R is a Jacobson ring.
In mathematics, more specifically ring theory, a left, right or two-sided ideal of a ring is said to be a nil ideal if each of its elements is nilpotent. [1] [2]The nilradical of a commutative ring is an example of a nil ideal; in fact, it is the ideal of the ring maximal with respect to the property of being nil.
A ring R is called a Jacobson ring if the nilradical and Jacobson radical of R/P coincide for all prime ideals P of R. An Artinian ring is Jacobson, and its nilradical is the maximal nilpotent ideal of the ring. In general, if the nilradical is finitely generated (e.g., the ring is Noetherian), then it is nilpotent.
Consider the ring of integers.. The radical of the ideal of integer multiples of is (the evens).; The radical of is .; The radical of is .; In general, the radical of is , where is the product of all distinct prime factors of , the largest square-free factor of (see Radical of an integer).
The nilpotent elements of a commutative ring R form an ideal of R, called the nilradical of R; therefore a commutative ring is reduced if and only if its nilradical is zero. Moreover, a commutative ring is reduced if and only if the only element contained in all prime ideals is zero. A quotient ring R/I is reduced if and only if I is a radical ...
A characteristic similar to that of Jacobson radical and annihilation of simple modules is available for nilradical: nilpotent elements of a ring are precisely those that annihilate all integral domains internal to the ring (that is, of the form / for prime ideals ). This follows from the fact that nilradical is the intersection of all prime ...
Jewel Quest Mysteries: The Oracle of Ur is a Hidden Object/Match-3 game played on the PC created by iWin Games. This walkthrough includes tips and tricks, helpful hints and a strategy guide on how ...
In algebra, the nilradical of a Lie algebra is a nilpotent ideal, which is as large as possible. The nilradical n i l ( g ) {\displaystyle {\mathfrak {nil}}({\mathfrak {g}})} of a finite-dimensional Lie algebra g {\displaystyle {\mathfrak {g}}} is its maximal nilpotent ideal , which exists because the sum of any two nilpotent ideals is nilpotent.