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Sino–African relations, also referred to as Africa–China relations or Afro–Chinese relations, are the historical, political, economic, military, social, and cultural connections between China and the African continent. Little is known about ancient relations between China and Africa, though there is some evidence of early trade connections.
The Forum on China–Africa Cooperation (FOCAC) (simplified Chinese: 中非合作论坛; traditional Chinese: 中非合作論壇; pinyin: Zhōng Fēi hézuò lùntán; French: Forum sur la coopération sino-africaine) is an official forum between the People's Republic of China and all states in Africa with the exception of the Kingdom of ...
Writer R. Marchal identifies two key events in Sino-African relations. First, the 1989 Tiananmen Square protests and massacre; the spectacle consolidated opposition to what was perceived as the PRC's violent oppression of demonstrators. Economically developed nations threatened to enforce economic sanctions, while African countries kept silent ...
Cape Verde–China relations; Central African Republic–China relations; Chad–China relations; China Africa Research Initiative; China-Africa Development Fund; 2018 China–African Union espionage allegations; China–Democratic Republic of the Congo relations; China–Ghana relations; China–Guinea-Bissau relations; China–Mozambique ...
In 1980, the total Sino-African trade volume was US$1 billion. By 1999, it had reached US$6.5 billion. [253] By 2005, the total Sino-African trade had reached US$39.7 billion before it jumped to US$55 billion in 2006, making China the second largest trading partner of Africa after the U.S., which had trade worth US$91 billion with African nations.
She is the author of Will Africa Feed China? (2015), The Dragon's Gift: The Real Story of China in Africa (2009), and the blog "China in Africa: The Real Story." Both of Bräutigam's books use extensive fieldwork and on-the-ground evidence to challenge conventional wisdom on China's relationship with African countries.
The earliest Chinese engagement in Africa may date back to as early as the tenth century, but modern diplomatic relations between China and Africa began in the mid-1900s. [1] While much of China's growing interest in African countries is linked to natural resource extraction to feed its growing economy, this is not the case for involvement in ...
All new issues, and old ones that are no longer in print, are provided free in PDF format, under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs 2.5 License. The Warring States Project, at the University of Massachusetts Amherst , called changing this journal's publication format to open access "an explicit challenge to the gatekeepers ...