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A non-ossifying fibroma (NOF) is a benign bone tumor of the osteoclastic, giant cell-rich tumor type. [1] It generally occurs in the metaphysis of long bones in children and adolescents. [ 2 ] Typically, there are no symptoms unless there is a fracture . [ 2 ]
The most common bone tumor is a non-ossifying fibroma. [4] Average five-year survival in the United States after being diagnosed with bone and joint cancer is 67%. [5] The earliest known bone tumor was an osteosarcoma in a foot bone discovered in South Africa, between 1.6 and 1.8 million years ago. [6]
High magnification micrograph of giant cells in a giant-cell tumor of bone, H&E stain. The diagnosis of giant-cell tumors is based on biopsy findings. The key histomorphologic feature is, as the name of the entity suggests, (multinucleated) giant cells with up to a hundred nuclei that have prominent nucleoli.
Bone pain is a common complication of fibrous dysplasia. It may present at any age, but most commonly develops during adolescence and progresses into adulthood. [7] Bone marrow stromal cells in fibrous dysplasia produce excess amounts of the phosphate-regulating hormone fibroblast growth factor-23 (FGF23), leading to loss of phosphate in the ...
Osteofibrous dysplasia is a rare, benign non-neoplastic condition with no known cause. It is considered a fibrovascular defect. Campanacci described this condition in two leg bones, the tibia and fibula, [1] and coined the term. This condition should be differentiated from nonossifying fibroma and fibrous dysplasia of bone.
Metaphyseal tumors or lesions include osteosarcoma, chondrosarcoma, fibrosarcoma, osteoblastoma, enchondroma, fibrous dysplasia, simple bone cyst, aneurysmal bone cyst, non-ossifying fibroma, and osteoid osteoma. [5] One of the clinical signs of rickets that doctors look for is cupping and fraying at the metaphyses when seen on X-ray.
The cystic fibroma (fibroma cysticum) has central softening or dilated lymphatic vessels. The myxofibroma (fibroma myxomatodes) is produced by liquefaction of the underlying soft tissue. The cemento-ossifying fibroma is hard and fibrous, most frequently seen in the jaw or mouth, sometimes in connection with a fracture or another type of injury.
Patients typically present with swelling with or without pain. The slow-growing tumor predominantly arises in long bones in a subcortical location (95% in the tibia or fibula). [3] Benign osteofibrous dysplasia may be a precursor of adamantinoma [4] [7] or a regressive phase of adamantinoma. [8]