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Edwin Powell Hubble (November 20, 1889 – September 28, 1953) [1] was an American astronomer. He played a crucial role in establishing the fields of extragalactic astronomy and observational cosmology .
A closed universe with Ω M > 1 and Ω Λ = 0 comes to an end in a Big Crunch and is considerably younger than its Hubble age. An open universe with Ω M ≤ 1 and Ω Λ = 0 expands forever and has an age that is closer to its Hubble age. For the accelerating universe with nonzero Ω Λ that we inhabit, the age of the universe is coincidentally ...
The steady state theory postulated spontaneous creation of matter to keep the average density constant as the universe expands, and therefore most galaxies still have an age less than 1/H 0. However, if H 0 had been 550 (km/s)/Mpc, our Milky Way galaxy would be exceptionally large compared to most other galaxies, so it could well be much older ...
Much of the theoretical work in cosmology now involves extensions and refinements to the basic Big Bang model. The theory itself was originally formalised by Father Georges Lemaître in 1927. [1] Hubble's law of the expansion of the universe provided foundational support for the theory.
Observations made by Edwin Hubble during the 1930s–1950s found that galaxies appeared to be moving away from each other, leading to the currently accepted Big Bang theory. This suggests that the universe began very dense about 13.787 billion years ago, and it has expanded and (on average) become less dense ever since. [1]
The first direct observational hint that the universe was not static but expanding came from the observations of 'recession velocities', mostly by Vesto M. Slipher, combined with distances to the 'nebulae' by Edwin Hubble in a work published in 1929. [6]
This discovery was unequivocal evidence that the universe has changed radically over time (for example, via the Big Bang). [ citation needed ] Carter defined two forms of the anthropic principle, a "weak" one which referred only to anthropic selection of privileged spacetime locations in the universe, and a more controversial "strong" form that ...
Physical cosmology is a branch of cosmology concerned with the study of cosmological models. A cosmological model, or simply cosmology, provides a description of the largest-scale structures and dynamics of the universe and allows study of fundamental questions about its origin, structure, evolution, and ultimate fate. [1]