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Perceptual control theory (PCT) is a model of behavior based on the properties of negative feedback control loops. A control loop maintains a sensed variable at or near a reference value by means of the effects of its outputs upon that variable, as mediated by physical properties of the environment.
The Riemann zeta function ζ(z) plotted with domain coloring. [1] The pole at = and two zeros on the critical line.. The Riemann zeta function or Euler–Riemann zeta function, denoted by the Greek letter ζ (), is a mathematical function of a complex variable defined as () = = = + + + for >, and its analytic continuation elsewhere.
Riemann zeta function, the archetypal example; Ruelle zeta function; Selberg zeta function of a Riemann surface; Shimizu L-function; Shintani zeta function; Subgroup zeta function; Witten zeta function of a Lie group; Zeta function of an incidence algebra, a function that maps every interval of a poset to the constant value 1. Despite not ...
The definition of a closed loop control system according to the British Standards Institution is "a control system possessing monitoring feedback, the deviation signal formed as a result of this feedback being used to control the action of a final control element in such a way as to tend to reduce the deviation to zero." [12]
The zeta function values listed below include function values at the negative even numbers (s = −2, −4, etc.), for which ζ(s) = 0 and which make up the so-called trivial zeros. The Riemann zeta function article includes a colour plot illustrating how the function varies over a continuous rectangular region of the complex plane.
In control theory, Ackermann's formula provides a method for designing controllers to achieve desired system behavior by directly calculating the feedback gains needed to place the closed-loop system's poles (eigenvalues) [1] at specific locations (pole allocation problem).
In mathematics, the Ruelle zeta function is a zeta function associated with a dynamical system. It is named after mathematical physicist David Ruelle . Formal definition
In control theory, overshoot refers to an output exceeding its final, steady-state value. [2] For a step input, the percentage overshoot (PO) is the maximum value minus the step value divided by the step value. In the case of the unit step, the overshoot is just the maximum value of the step