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The C standard library is declared as a collection of header files. The C++ standard library is similar, but the declarations may be provided by the compiler without reading an actual file. C standard header files are named with a .h file name extension, as in #include <stdio.h>. Typically, custom C header files have the same extension.
The C programming language provides many standard library functions for file input and output.These functions make up the bulk of the C standard library header <stdio.h>. [1] The functionality descends from a "portable I/O package" written by Mike Lesk at Bell Labs in the early 1970s, [2] and officially became part of the Unix operating system in Version 7.
The C standard library, sometimes referred to as libc, [1] is the standard library for the C programming language, as specified in the ISO C standard. [2] Starting from the original ANSI C standard, it was developed at the same time as the C POSIX library, which is a superset of it. [3]
The C preprocessor processes inclusion directives like #include "foo.h" to include "foo.h" and transcludes the code of that file into a copy of the main file often called the translation unit. However, if an #include directive for a given file appears multiple times during compilation, the code will effectively be duplicated in that file.
The C++ Standard Library provides several generic containers, functions to use and manipulate these containers, function objects, generic strings and streams (including interactive and file I/O), support for some language features, and functions for common tasks such as finding the square root of a number.
For example, an integer can be printed using the "%d" formatting code, e.g.: printf("%d", 42); This formats the integer "42" as text and prints it to the standard output. printf is typically the first function any C programmer encounters, because it is the only function which appears in the standard Hello world program:
The C POSIX library is a specification of a C standard library for POSIX systems. It was developed at the same time as the ANSI C standard. Some effort was made to make POSIX compatible with standard C ; POSIX includes additional functions to those introduced in standard C.
This is an accepted version of this page This is the latest accepted revision, reviewed on 17 February 2025. General-purpose programming language "C programming language" redirects here. For the book, see The C Programming Language. Not to be confused with C++ or C#. C Logotype used on the cover of the first edition of The C Programming Language Paradigm Multi-paradigm: imperative (procedural ...