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A glass ionomer cement (GIC) is a dental restorative material used in dentistry as a filling material and luting cement, [1] including for orthodontic bracket attachment. [2] Glass-ionomer cements are based on the reaction of silicate glass-powder (calciumaluminofluorosilicate glass [ 3 ] ) and polyacrylic acid , an ionomer .
Dental cements have a wide range of dental and orthodontic applications. Common uses include temporary restoration of teeth, cavity linings to provide pulpal protection, sedation or insulation and cementing fixed prosthodontic appliances. [ 1 ]
It does not resorb, and is biocompatible, forming a seal against the tooth material that minimizes leakage. [1] Originally, MTA was dark gray in color, but white versions have been on the market since 2002. Bismuth oxide, which was added as a radioopacifier (to make the filling stand out on X-rays), [citation needed] can discolour the teeth. [3]
Indirect dental composites can be used for: Filling cavities in teeth, as fillings, inlays and/or onlays; Filling gaps (diastemas) between teeth using a shell-like veneer or; Reshaping of teeth; Full or partial crowns on single teeth; Bridges spanning 2-3 teeth; A stronger, tougher and more durable product is expected in principle.
The majority of clinical studies indicate the annual failure rates (AFRs) are between 1% and 3% with tooth colored fillings on back teeth. Root canaled (endodontically) treated teeth have AFRs between 2% and 12%. The main reasons for failure are cavities that occur around the filling and fracture of the real tooth.
In Italy evidence dated to the Paleolithic, around 13,000 years ago, points to bitumen used to fill a tooth [2] and in Neolithic Slovenia, 6500 years ago, beeswax was used to close a fracture in a tooth. [3] In Graeco-Roman literature, such as Pliny the Elder's Naturalis Historia (AD 23–79), contains references to filling materials for hollow ...
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Adhesive dentistry is a branch of dentistry which deals with adhesion or bonding to the natural substance of teeth, enamel and dentin.It studies the nature and strength of adhesion to dental hard tissues, properties of adhesive materials, causes and mechanisms of failure of the bonds, clinical techniques for bonding and newer applications for bonding such as bonding to the soft tissue. [1]
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