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Flux-cored arc welding (FCAW or FCA) is a semi-automatic or automatic arc welding process. FCAW requires a continuously-fed consumable tubular electrode containing a flux and a constant- voltage or, less commonly, a constant- current welding power supply .
Shielded metal arc welding (SMAW), also known as manual metal arc welding (MMA or MMAW), flux shielded arc welding [1] or informally as stick welding, is a manual arc welding process that uses a consumable electrode covered with a flux to lay the weld.
Carbon Arc Welding (181) CAW Carbon electrode, historical Copper, repair (limited) Flux Cored Arc Welding: 136 138: FCAW FCAW-S Continuous consumable electrode filled with flux Industry, construction Gas Metal Arc Welding [3] 131 135: GMAW Continuous consumable electrode and shielding gas: Industry Gas Tungsten Arc Welding [4] 141: GTAW
English: Diagram of arc and weld area, in shielded metal arc welding, free for description for any language Coating Flow; Rod; Shield Gas; Fusion; Base metal; Weld metal; Solidified Slag; For a reference see File:SMAW weld area.svg (U.S. Army training circular 9-237, figure 5-31)
Arc welding power supplies can deliver either direct (DC) or alternating (AC) current to the work, while consumable or non-consumable electrodes are used. The welding area is usually protected by some type of shielding gas (e.g. an inert gas), vapor, or slag. Arc welding processes may be manual, semi-automatic, or fully automated.
Shielded metal arc welding process, showing slag. Welding flux is a combination of carbonate and silicate materials used in welding processes to shield the weld from atmospheric gases. When the heat of the weld zone reaches the flux, the flux melts and outgasses.
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Spray transfer GMAW. Gas metal arc welding (GMAW), sometimes referred to by its subtypes metal inert gas (MIG) and metal active gas (MAG) is a welding process in which an electric arc forms between a consumable MIG wire electrode and the workpiece metal(s), which heats the workpiece metal(s), causing them to fuse (melt and join).