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This equation, Bragg's law, describes the condition on θ for constructive interference. [12] A map of the intensities of the scattered waves as a function of their angle is called a diffraction pattern. Strong intensities known as Bragg peaks are obtained in the diffraction pattern when the scattering angles satisfy Bragg condition.
Scattering also includes the interaction of billiard balls on a table, the Rutherford scattering (or angle change) of alpha particles by gold nuclei, the Bragg scattering (or diffraction) of electrons and X-rays by a cluster of atoms, and the inelastic scattering of a fission fragment as it traverses a thin foil.
Diffraction from a large three-dimensional periodic structure such as many thousands of atoms in a crystal is called Bragg diffraction. It is similar to what occurs when waves are scattered from a diffraction grating. Bragg diffraction is a consequence of interference between waves reflecting from many different crystal planes.
In X-ray crystallography, wide-angle X-ray scattering (WAXS) or wide-angle X-ray diffraction (WAXD) is the analysis of Bragg peaks scattered to wide angles, which (by Bragg's law) are caused by sub-nanometer-sized structures. [1] It is an X-ray-diffraction [2] method and commonly used to determine a range of information about crystalline materials.
Forward scattering is the deflection of waves by small angles so that they continue to move in close to the same direction as before the scattering. It can occur with all types of waves, for instance light , ultraviolet radiation, X-rays as well as matter waves such as electrons , neutrons and even water waves .
The large maximum diffraction angle is necessary to account for materials that show Bragg scattering at high angles, such as many crystalline materials. The high maximum diffraction angle allows for good separation between Bragg and Rutherford scattered electrons, therefore the maximum diffraction angle of the microscope needs to be as large as ...
In conventional imaging, multiple scattering in a thick sample can seriously complicate, or even entirely invalidate, simple interpretation of an image. This is especially true in electron imaging (where multiple scattering is called "dynamical scattering"). Conversely, ptychography generates estimates of hundreds or thousands of exit waves ...
Portrait of William Lawrence Bragg taken when he was around 40 years old. Sir William Lawrence Bragg (31 March 1890 – 1 July 1971), known as Lawrence Bragg, was an Australian-born British physicist and X-ray crystallographer, discoverer (1912) of Bragg's law of X-ray diffraction, which is basic for the determination of crystal structure. [3]