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English: Map of the Gheg- and Tosk-speaking areas in Southern Europe. The internal subdivision in the Northern and Central Balkan countries are from the map in Gjinari 1988, while the speaking areas of Italy and Greece are from Eslie 2009.
The language is spoken by approximately 6 million people in the Balkans, primarily in Albania, Kosovo, North Macedonia, Serbia, Montenegro and Greece. [1] However, due to old communities in Italy and the large Albanian diaspora, the worldwide total of speakers is much higher than in Southern Europe and numbers approximately 7.5 million.
The Article 14 of the Albanian Constitution states that "The official language in the Republic of Albania is Albanian." [2] According to the 2011 population census, 2,765,610, 98.767% of the population declared Albanian as their mother tongue ("mother tongue is defined as the first or main language spoken at home during childhood").
Albanian is the primary language of instruction in the country's academic institutions. [249] The study of a first foreign language is mandatory and taught most often at elementary and bilingual schools. [250] Languages taught in schools are English, Italian, French and German. [250]
Map illustrating the various dialects of the Albanian language in Southern Europe. The Albanian language is the official language of Albania. It has two distinct dialects, Tosk, spoken in the south, and Gheg, spoken in the north. The Shkumbin river is the rough dividing line between the two dialects. The language is spoken primarily in Greece ...
The various dialects of the Albanian language in Albania, Greece, Italy, Kosovo, Macedonia, Montenegro and Serbia. [note 1] The Albanian language is composed of many dialects, divided into two major groups: Gheg and Tosk. [1] The Shkumbin river is roughly the geographical dividing line, with Gheg spoken north of the Shkumbin and Tosk south of ...
English: Dialects of the Albanian language. The map does not indicate where the language is majority or minority and shows "Cham" & "Arvanitika" as dialects, but in Greece the "Τσάμηδες" are the muslim Albanians from Epirus, "Αρβανίτες" the christian greeks who speek arvanitika from central Greece, and "Aλβανοί" the citizens of Albania.
The change of literary language has had significant political and cultural consequences because the Albanian language is the main criterion for Albanian self identity. [7] The standardization has been criticized, notably by the writer Arshi Pipa , who claimed that the move had deprived Albanian of its richness at the expense of the Ghegs. [ 8 ]