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Light micrograph of a moss's leaf cells at 400X magnification. The following outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to cell biology: . Cell biology – A branch of biology that includes study of cells regarding their physiological properties, structure, and function; the organelles they contain; interactions with their environment; and their life cycle, division, and death.
The flow of cytoplasmic components plays an important role in many cellular functions which are dependent on the permeability of the cytoplasm. [8] An example of such function is cell signalling , a process which is dependent on the manner in which signaling molecules are allowed to diffuse across the cell. [ 9 ]
Cytoplasm k. Small membranous vesicles l. Rough endoplasmic reticulum 3. Nucleus m. Nuclear pore n. Nuclear envelope o. Nucleolus p. Ribosome q. Smooth endoplasmic reticulum r. Golgi vesicles s. Golgi apparatus (Golgi body) t. Cytoskeleton
The nucleus is spherical and separated from the cytoplasm by a double membrane called the nuclear envelope, space between these two membrane is called perinuclear space. The nuclear envelope isolates and protects a cell's DNA from various molecules that could accidentally damage its structure or interfere with its processing.
Ribosomes: Functions to translate RNA to protein. it serves as a site of protein synthesis. [23] Cytoskeleton: Cytoskeleton is a structure that helps to maintain the shape and general organization of the cytoplasm. It anchors organelles within the cells and makes up the structure and stability of the cell.
Cytoplasmic streaming, also called protoplasmic streaming and cyclosis, is the flow of the cytoplasm inside the cell, driven by forces from the cytoskeleton. [1] It is likely that its function is, at least in part, to speed up the transport of molecules and organelles around the cell.
The nuclear envelope surrounds the nucleus, separating its contents from the cytoplasm.It has two membranes, each a lipid bilayer with associated proteins. [21] The outer nuclear membrane is continuous with the rough endoplasmic reticulum membrane, and like that structure, features ribosomes attached to the surface.
The gene for LAMP2 has 9 coding exons and 2 alternate last exons, 9a and 9b. [6] When the last exon is spliced with the alternative exon, it is a variant called LAMP2b, which varies in the last 11 amino acids of its C-terminal sequence: in the luminal domain, the transmembrane domain, and the cytoplasmic tail.