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2. Air-blast injection - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Air-blast_injection

   A separate cam on the camshaft (as seen in Fig. 5 and on the two-cylinder Johann-Weitzer-engine on the right) would activate the injection valve so the compressed air would then press the fuel into the combustion chamber. Before the injection valve opens, neither fuel nor compressed air can enter the combustion chamber. [16]

3. Crankcase ventilation system - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crankcase_ventilation_system

   This is due to the fact that the fuel hits the intake valves on the way to the combustion chamber, allowing the detergents in the fuel to keep them clean. However, carbon build-up on intake valves is a problem for engines with direct injection only, as the fuel is injected directly into the combustion chamber.

4. Secondary air injection - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Secondary_air_injection

   A sensitive reed valve assembly called the aspirator valve is placed in the air injection pumping, which draws its air directly from the clean side of the air filter. During engine idle, brief but periodic negative pressure pulses in the exhaust system draw air through the aspirator valve and into the exhaust stream at the catalytic converter.

5. Idle air control actuator - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Idle_air_control_actuator

   An idle air control actuator or idle air control valve (IAC actuator/valve) is a device commonly used in fuel-injected vehicles to control the engine's idling rotational speed . [1] In carburetted vehicles a similar device known as an idle speed control actuator is used.

6. Anti-dribble valve - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anti-dribble_valve

   The valve resembles a typical spring-loaded check valve, with a small addition for the anti-dribble function. These valves are mounted on the outlet fittings of the fuel injection pump, one per cylinder injector. They are always mounted at the pump end of the pipes between the pump and injectors.

7. Partially premixed combustion - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Partially_premixed_combustion

   Its high specific power, high fuel efficiency and low exhaust pollution have made it a promising technology. As a compression-ignition engine, the fuel mixture ignites due to the increase in temperature that occurs with compression rather than a spark from a spark plug. [5] A PPC engine injects and premixes a charge during the compression stroke.