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Gatz et al. mention that the above formulation was published by Endlich et al. (1988) when treating the weighted mean as a combination of a weighted total estimator divided by an estimator of the population size, [5] based on the formulation published by Cochran (1977), as an approximation to the ratio mean. However, Endlich et al. didn't seem ...
In finance, the weighted-average life (WAL) of an amortizing loan or amortizing bond, also called average life, [1] [2] [3] is the weighted average of the times of the principal repayments: it's the average time until a dollar of principal is repaid. In a formula, [4] = =,
High-volume traders use TWAP to execute their orders over a specific time, so they trade to keep the price close to that which reflects the true market price. TWAP orders are a strategy of executing trades evenly over a specified time period. Volume-weighted average price (VWAP) balances execution with volume. Regularly, a VWAP trade will buy ...
Time-weighted return (TWR) measures the compound growth rate of an investment portfolio, accounting for the impact of cash flows into or out of the portfolio. To achieve this, divide the total ...
Exponential smoothing or exponential moving average (EMA) is a rule of thumb technique for smoothing time series data using the exponential window function. Whereas in the simple moving average the past observations are weighted equally, exponential functions are used to assign exponentially decreasing weights over time. It is an easily learned ...
The dual use of the word "duration", as both the weighted average time until repayment and as the percentage change in price, often causes confusion. Strictly speaking, Macaulay duration is the name given to the weighted average time until cash flows are received and is measured in years. Modified duration is the name given to the price ...
The rate of return on a portfolio can be calculated indirectly as the weighted average rate of return on the various assets within the portfolio. [3] The weights are proportional to the value of the assets within the portfolio, to take into account what portion of the portfolio each individual return represents in calculating the contribution of that asset to the return on the portfolio.
A time-weighted average is any of the following: Permissible exposure limit, a legal limit in the United States for exposure of an employee to a chemical substance or physical agent such as loud noise. Time-weighted average price, the average price of a security over a specified time.