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Schistosomiasis, also known as snail fever, bilharzia, and Katayama fever, [1] [2] [9] is a disease caused by parasitic flatworms called schistosomes. [5] The urinary tract or the intestines may be infected. [ 5 ]
Historical accounts of Katayama disease dates back to the discovery of S. Japonicum in Japan in 1904. The disease was named after an area it was endemic to, Katayama district, Hiroshima, Japan. [11] If left untreated, it will develop into a chronic condition characterized by hepatosplenic disease and impaired physical and cognitive development.
[2] [3] The diseases are caused by the eggs. Adults are found in the venous plexuses around the urinary bladder and the released eggs travels to the wall of the urine bladder causing haematuria and fibrosis of the bladder. The bladder becomes calcified, and there is increased pressure on ureters and kidneys otherwise known as hydronephrosis.
Ishii A, Tsuji M, Tada I (2003) History of Katayama disease: schistosomiasis japonica in Katayama district, Hiroshima, Japan. Parasitol Int 52(4):313–319. PMID 14665388; Koji Oda, ’’100th year of the discovery of Schistosoma japonicum and Professor Fujiro Katsurada 2004 Okayama Dosokaiho No. 96.
Onset of egg laying in humans is sometimes associated with an onset of fever (Katayama fever). This "acute schistosomiasis" is not, however, as important as the chronic forms of the disease. For S. mansoni and S. japonicum , these are "intestinal" and "hepatic schistosomiasis", associated with formation of granulomas around trapped eggs lodged ...
Theileria is a genus of parasites that belongs to the phylum Apicomplexa, and is closely related to Plasmodium.Two Theileria species, T. annulata and T. parva, are important cattle parasites. [1]
M. racemosus is a rare agent of human disease, typically only associated with opportunistic infection of immunocompromised individuals such as children, elderly and diseased patients (HIV, Ebola etc.). [11] It is an agent of Mucormycosis, a potentially life-threatening infection often involving the head airways. [4]
Bizarre parosteal osteochondromatous proliferation (BPOP), also known as Nora's lesion, [4] is a type of non-cancerous bone tumor belonging to the group of cartilage tumors. [1] [2] [5] It is generally seen in the tubular bones of the hands and feet, [6] where it presents with a rapidly enlarging painless lump in a finger or toe.