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The temperature on land rose by 1.59 °C while over the ocean it rose by 0.88 °C. [3] In 2020 the temperature was 1.2 °C above the pre-industrial era. [4] In September 2023 the temperature was 1.75 °C above pre-industrial level and during the entire year of 2023 is expected to be 1.4 °C above it. [5]
The initial version of Global Historical Climatology Network was developed in the summer of 1992. [3] This first version, known as Version 1 was a collaboration between research stations and data sets alike to the World Weather Records program and the World Monthly Surface Station Climatology from the National Center for Atmospheric Research. [4]
Global surface temperature (GST) is the average temperature of Earth's surface. More precisely, it is the weighted average of the temperatures over the ocean and land. The former is also called sea surface temperature and the latter is called surface air temperature. Temperature data comes mainly from weather stations and satellites.
While North America’s record 134° F has stood for more than a century, Antarctica and Asia have set temperature records in the past decade.
Historical climatology is the study of historical changes in climate and their effect on civilization from the emergence of homininis to the present day. It is concerned with the reconstruction of weather and climate and their effect on historical societies, including a culturally influenced history of science and perception. [1]
From 1978 onward CRU began production of its gridded data set of land air temperature anomalies based on instrumental temperature records held by National Meteorological Organisations around the world. In 1986 sea temperatures were added to form a synthesis of data which was the first global temperature record, demonstrating unequivocally that ...
The average global temperature for the 12-month period to the end of May was 1.63 degrees Celsius (2.9 degrees Fahrenheit) above the pre-industrial average - making it the warmest such period ...
The initial concept of visualizing historical temperature data has been extended to involve animation, [10] to visualize sea level rise [11] and predictive climate data, [12] and to visually juxtapose temperature trends with other data such as atmospheric CO 2 concentration, [13] global glacier retreat, [14] precipitation, [4] progression of ...