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Using another lower-level device driver (e.g. file system drivers using disk drivers) Simulating work with hardware, while doing something entirely different [9] For software: Allowing the operating system direct access to hardware resources; Implementing only primitives; Implementing an interface for non-driver software (e.g. TWAIN)
In case of a monolithic kernel all the device drivers are part of it. The hardware is accessed (and also configured) through its device driver by the configuration utility to configure the hardware, and programs like the web browser / SSH / NTP -client/etc. to send and receive network packets.
Badly written device drivers can cause severe damage to a system (e.g., BSoD or data corruption) since all standard drivers have high privileges when accessing the kernel directly. The User-Mode Driver Framework insulates the kernel from the problems of direct driver access, instead providing a new class of driver with a dedicated application ...
The Network Driver Interface Specification (NDIS) 10.x is used for network devices by the Windows 10 operating system. Network device drivers for Windows XP use NDIS 5.x and may work with subsequent Windows operating systems, but for performance reasons network device drivers should implement NDIS 6.0 or higher. [8]
Being network devices supported entirely in software, they differ from ordinary network devices which are backed by physical network adapters. The Universal TUN/TAP Driver originated in 2000 as a merger of the corresponding drivers in Solaris, Linux and BSD. [1] The driver continues to be maintained as part of the Linux [2] and FreeBSD [3] [4 ...
Monitoring: This function enables the network management software to monitor the network for problems and to suggest improvements. [2] [3] The software may poll the devices periodically or register itself to receive alerts from network devices. One mechanism for network devices to volunteer information about itself is by sending an SNMP Trap ...
A driver in software provides a programming interface to control and manage specific lower-level interfaces that are often linked to a specific type of hardware, or other low-level service. In the case of hardware, the specific subclass of drivers controlling physical or virtual hardware devices are known as device drivers.
A driver wrapper is a subroutine in a software library that functions as an adapter between an operating system and a driver, such as a device driver, that was not designed for that operating system. [1] It can enable the use of devices for which no drivers for the particular operating system are available.