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  2. Biomolecule - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biomolecule

    A biomolecule or biological molecule is loosely defined as a molecule produced by a living organism and essential to one or more typically biological processes. [1] Biomolecules include large macromolecules such as proteins, carbohydrates, lipids, and nucleic acids, as well as small molecules such as vitamins and hormones. A general name for ...

  3. Nutrient - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nutrient

    The nutrients considered essential for humans comprise nine amino acids, two fatty acids, thirteen vitamins, fifteen minerals and choline. [13] In addition, there are several molecules that are considered conditionally essential nutrients since they are indispensable in certain developmental and pathological states. [13] [14] [15]

  4. Micronutrient - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Micronutrient

    Micronutrients are essential dietary elements required by organisms in varying quantities to regulate physiological functions of cells and organs. [1] [2] Micronutrients support the health of organisms throughout life. [3] [4] [5] In varying amounts supplied through the diet, micronutrients include such compounds as vitamins and dietary minerals.

  5. Human nutrition - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human_nutrition

    Human nutrition deals with the provision of essential nutrients in food that are necessary to support human life and good health. [1] Poor nutrition is a chronic problem often linked to poverty, food security , or a poor understanding of nutritional requirements. [ 2 ]

  6. Mineral (nutrient) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mineral_(nutrient)

    In the context of nutrition, a mineral is a chemical element. Some "minerals" are essential for life, but most are not. [1] [2] [3] Minerals are one of the four groups of essential nutrients; the others are vitamins, essential fatty acids, and essential amino acids. [4]

  7. Protein (nutrient) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protein_(nutrient)

    Amino acids are necessary nutrients. Present in every cell, they are also precursors to nucleic acids, co-enzymes, hormones, immune response, repair and other molecules essential for life. Proteins are essential nutrients for the human body. [1] They are one of the building blocks of body tissue and can also serve as a fuel source.

  8. Selenium in biology - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Selenium_in_biology

    Although selenium is an essential trace element, it is toxic if taken in excess. Exceeding the Tolerable Upper Intake Level of 400 micrograms per day can lead to selenosis. [ 15 ] This 400 microgram ( μg ) Tolerable Upper Intake Level is based primarily on a 1986 study of five Chinese patients who exhibited overt signs of selenosis and a ...

  9. Biological roles of the elements - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biological_roles_of_the...

    Selenium, which is an essential element for animals and prokaryotes and is a beneficial element for many plants, is the least-common of all the elements essential to life. [ 3 ] [ 63 ] Selenium acts as the catalytic center of several antioxidant enzymes, such as glutathione peroxidase , [ 11 ] and plays a wide variety of other biological roles .