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Other groups who were accused of docetism held that Jesus was a man in the flesh, but Christ was a separate entity who entered Jesus' body in the form of a dove at his baptism, empowered him to perform miracles, and abandoned him upon his death on the cross. [14]
Catholic theology holds that the sacrament of baptism, which is closely connected to faith, "purifies, justifies and sanctifies" the sinner; in this sacrament, the sinner is "freed from sin". [ 39 ] [ 40 ] This is termed initial justification or "being cleansed of sin", the entrance into the Christian life.
Although the term "baptism" is not today used to describe the Jewish rituals (in contrast to New Testament times, when the Greek word baptismos did indicate Jewish ablutions or rites of purification), [1] [2] the purification rites (or mikvah—ritual immersion) in Jewish law and tradition are similar to baptism, and the two have been linked.
In Christian theology, baptism of blood (Latin: baptismus sanguinis [1] [2]) or baptism by blood, also called martyred baptism, [3] is a doctrine which holds that a Christian is able to attain through martyrdom the grace of justification normally attained through baptism by water, without needing to receive baptism by water.
Martin Luther taught that there were three sacraments, including baptism, confession, and the eucharist. [3] His writings often reference two or three sacraments. [3] Luther was flexible regarding the number of sacraments, [3] and the Lutheran divine Philip Melanchthon named four sacraments: baptism, confession, eucharist, and ordination. [3]
One of the earliest of the Church Fathers to enunciate clearly and unambiguously the doctrine of baptismal regeneration ("the idea that salvation happens at and by water baptism duly administered") was Cyprian (c. 200 – 258): "While he attributed all the saving energy to the grace of God, he considered the 'laver of saving water' the instrument of God that makes a person 'born again ...
Anabaptism (from Neo-Latin anabaptista, [1] from the Greek ἀναβαπτισμός: ἀνά 're-' and βαπτισμός 'baptism'; [1] German: Täufer, earlier also Wiedertäufer) [a] is a Christian movement which traces its origins to the Radical Reformation in the 16th century.
In 1609, Smyth, and Thomas Helwys, along with a group in Holland, came to believe in believer's baptism (thereby rejecting infant baptism) and they came together to form one of the earliest Baptist churches. He was utterly convinced that believer's baptism and a free church gathered by covenant were foundational to the church. [11]